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11.
Kamile Tosun Burak Felekoğlu Bülent Baradan İ. Akın Altun 《Construction and Building Materials》2009,23(7):2534-2544
A comparative study has been performed on the sulfate resistance of Portland limestone cement (PLC) mortars exposed to extraordinary high sulfate concentrations (200 g/l). PLCs have been prepared by using two types of clinkers having different C3S/C2S ratios and interstitial phase morphologies. Blended cements have been prepared by replacing 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% of clinker with limestone. Cubic (50 × 50 × 50 mm) and prismatic (25 × 25 × 285 mm) cement mortars were prepared. After two months initial water curing, these samples were exposed to three different sulfate solutions (Na2SO4 at 20 °C and 5 °C, MgSO4 at 5 °C). Solutions were not refreshed and pH values of solutions were monitored during the testing stage. The compressive strength and length changes of samples have been monitored for a period of 1 year. Additional microstructural analyses have been conducted by XRD and SEM/EDS studies. Results indicated that in general, limestone replacement ratio and low temperature negatively affect the sulfate resistance of cement mortars. Additionally, clinkers of high C3S/C2S ratios with dendritic interstitial phase structure were found to be more prone to sulfate attack in the presence of high amounts of limestone.From the results, it is postulated that in the absence of solution change, extraordinary high sulfate content modified the mechanism of sulfate reactions and formation of related products. At high limestone replacement ratios, XRD and SEM/EDS studies revealed that while ettringite is the main deterioration product for the samples exposed to Na2SO4, gypsum and thaumasite formation were dominant products of deterioration in the case of MgSO4 attack. It can be concluded that, the difference between reaction mechanisms of Na2SO4 and MgSO4 attack to limestone cement mortars strongly depends on the pH change of sulfate solutions. 相似文献
12.
Melda Akın 《Expert systems with applications》2011,38(8):9207-9210
Information and communication technologies have recently become widely used, especially among the younger population. In this study, the factors affecting the preference of undergraduate students for prepaid or postpaid cell phone service plans were analyzed and a multi-layer perceptron type feed forward neural network model was developed to predict the preferences. Using the responses to the questionnaire administered to a group of undergraduate students in Istanbul University, the factors determining the preference for service plan were determined with χ2 test for independence. A classification model based on multi-layer perceptron type neural networks was developed. The classification accuracy of this model was compared to linear regression, LDA, QDA, Naive Bayes and decision tree approaches and shown to be superior. 相似文献
13.
A modification in the design of the pedicled latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is described that aims to minimize the cosmetic morbidity of its donor site. The implications of this variation are discussed with particular reference to use of the flap in postmastectomy reconstruction. 相似文献
14.
The increasing size and complexity of software systems has led to an amplified number of potential failures and as such makes it harder to ensure software reliability. Since it is usually hard to prevent all the failures, fault tolerance techniques have become more important. An essential element of fault tolerance is the recovery from failures. Local recovery is an effective approach whereby only the erroneous parts of the system are recovered while the other parts remain available. For achieving local recovery, the architecture needs to be decomposed into separate units that can be recovered in isolation. Usually, there are many different alternative ways to decompose the system into recoverable units. It appears that each of these decomposition alternatives performs differently with respect to availability and performance metrics. We propose a systematic approach dedicated to optimizing the decomposition of software architecture for local recovery. The approach provides systematic guidelines to depict the design space of the possible decomposition alternatives, to reduce the design space with respect to domain and stakeholder constraints and to balance the feasible alternatives with respect to availability and performance. The approach is supported by an integrated set of tools and illustrated for the open-source MPlayer software. 相似文献
15.
Akın Delibaşı 《International journal of control》2013,86(12):2494-2505
Using Hermite's formulation of polynomial stability conditions, static output feedback (SOF) controller design can be formulated as a polynomial matrix inequality (PMI), a (generally nonconvex) nonlinear semidefinite programming problem that can be solved (locally) with PENNON, an implementation of a penalty and augmented Lagrangian method. Typically, Hermite SOF PMI problems are badly scaled and experiments reveal that this has a negative impact on the overall performance of the solver. In this note we recall the algebraic interpretation of Hermite's quadratic form as a particular Bézoutian and we use results on polynomial interpolation to express the Hermite PMI in a Lagrange polynomial basis, as an alternative to the conventional power basis. Numerical experiments on benchmark problem instances show the improvement brought by the approach, in terms of problem scaling, number of iterations and convergence behaviour of PENNON. 相似文献
16.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)methylcarbonyloxyethyl)maleimide) and its spectroelectrochemical properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new monomer; N-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)methylcarbonyloxyethyl) maleimide (NMT) was synthesized. The chemical structure of the
monomer was characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Electrochemical polymerization of NMT was performed in acetonitrile
(AN)/borontrifloride ethylether (BFEE) solvent mixture (1:1, v/v) where tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB) was utilized
as the supporting electrolyte. The resulting conducting polymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy,
thermal analyses and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrical conductivity was measured by the four-probe technique.
The spectroelectrochemical behavior and switching ability of P(NMT) film were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. P(NMT)
revealed color changes between yellow and blue in the reduced and oxidized states respectively. 相似文献
17.
Distributed multilevel optimization for complex structures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. W. Wind D. Akçay Perdahcıoğlu A. de Boer 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2008,36(1):71-81
Optimization problems concerning complex structures with many design variables may entail an unacceptable computational cost.
This problem can be reduced considerably with a multilevel approach: A structure consisting of several components is optimized
as a whole (global) as well as on the component level. In this paper, an optimization method is discussed with applications
in the assessment of the impact of new design considerations in the development of a structure. A strategy based on fully
stressed design is applied for optimization problems in linear statics. A global model is used to calculate the interactions
(e.g., loads) for each of the components. These components are then optimized using the prescribed interactions, followed
by a new global calculation to update the interactions. Mixed discrete and continuous design variables as well as different
design configurations are possible. An application of this strategy is presented in the form of the full optimization of a
vertical tail plane center box of a generic large passenger aircraft. In linear dynamics, the parametrization of the component
interactions is problematic due to the frequency dependence. Hence, a modified method is presented in which the speed of component
mode synthesis is used to avoid this parametrization. This method is applied to a simple test case that originates from noise
control. 相似文献
18.
In this paper, model sets for linear-time-invariant continuous-time systems that are spanned by fixed pole orthonormal bases
are investigated. These bases generalize the well-known Laguerre and two-parameter Kautz cases. It is shown that the obtained
model sets are everywhere dense in the Hardy space H
1(Π) under the same condition as previously derived by the authors for the denseness in the (Π is the open right half plane)
Hardy spaces H
p(Π), 1<p<∞. As a further extension, the paper shows how orthonormal model sets, that are everywhere dense in H
p(Π), 1≤p<∞, and which have a prescribed asymptotic order, may be constructed. Finally, it is established that the Fourier series formed
by orthonormal basis functions converge in all spaces H
p(Π) and (D is the open unit disk) H
p(D), 1<p<∞. The results in this paper have application in system identification, model reduction, and control system synthesis.
Date received: June 16, 1998. Date revised February 4, 1999. 相似文献
19.
Ramazan Gürkan Halil brahim Ulusoy Mehmet Akay Pinar Bulut Ramazan Gurkan Halil ibrahim Ulusoy Mehmet Akcay Pmar Bulut 《稀有金属(英文版)》2011,30(5):477-487
A novel catalytic kinetic method is proposed for the determination of Se(IV), Se(VI), and total inorganic selenium in water
based on the catalytic effect of Se(IV) on the reduction of Celestine blue by sodium sulfide at pH 7.0 phosphate buffer. The
fixed-time method was adopted for the determination and speciation of inorganic selenium. Under the optimum conditions, the
two calibration graphs are linear with a good correlation coefficient in the range 2–20 and 20–200 μg·L−1 of Se(IV) for the fixed-time method at 30°C. The experimental and theoretical detection limits of the developed kinetic method
were found to be 0.21 and 2.50 μg·L−1 for the fixed-time method (3 min). All of the variables that affect the sensitivity at 645 nm were investigated, and the
optimum conditions were established. The interference effect of various cations and anions on the Se(IV) determination was
also studied. The selectivity of the selenium determination was greatly improved with the use of the strongly cation exchange
resin such as Amberlite IR120 plus as long as chelating agents of thiourea and thiosulphate. The proposed kinetic method was
validated statistically and through recovery studies in natural water samples. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for
ten replicate measurements of 2, 10, and 20 μg·L−1 of Se(IV) change between 0.35% and 5.58%, while the RSDs for ten replicate measurements of 3, 6, and 12 μg·L−1 of Se(VI) change between 0.49% and 1.61%. Analyses of a certified standard reference material (NIST SRM 1643e) for selenium
using the fixed-time method showed that the proposed kinetic method has good accuracy. The Se(IV), Se(VI), and total inorganic
selenium in lake and river water samples have been successfully determined by this method after selective reduction of Se(VI)
to Se(IV). 相似文献
20.