基于吸附-扩散模型和遗传算法的反渗透膜性能预测

基于反渗透膜的吸附-扩散模型，导出了多孔膜对溶质的浓缩比表达式和组件的溶质平均脱除率。采用遗传算法对膜的性能进行了数学模拟，计算出了氯化钠对ESPA2反渗透膜的膜相溶质分配系数、溶质的膜相扩散系数、溶剂(水)的膜相扩散系数、膜的孔隙率和膜分离层厚度，计算得到的膜分离层厚度和膜相中水扩散系数等参数与芳香聚酰胺复合膜的测定值相吻合,其中，氯化钠透过率的均方差在10-7～10-6之间。     

油田联合站油水分离的模糊-PID控制

联合站油水分离过程是将高含水原油处理成为合格产品的重要生产过程，从控制理论角度看，此过程具有多变量、干扰因素复杂、非线性、大滞后、压力与界面强耦合的特点，为了实现此过程的自动控制，本文针对典型的两段式脱水工艺进行了理论分析，通过对人工智能控制经验的总结，确定了模糊-PID控制策略。     

Influence of organophilic clay and preparation methods on EVA/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/montmorillonite MMT nanocomposites have been prepared by using different methods: one is from the organophilic montmorillonite (OMT) and the other is from the pristine MMT and reactive compatibilizer hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C16). In this study, different kneaders were used (twin‐screw extruder and twin‐roll mill) to prepare nanocomposites. The nanocomposite structures are evidenced by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and high‐resolution electronic microscope (HREM). The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, the tensile tests were carried out with a Universal testing machine DCS‐5000. It is shown that different methods and organophilic montmorillonite have influence on EVA/MMT nanocomposites.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2416–2421, 2004     

Ni-纳米SiO2复合镀层耐蚀性的初探

制备了纳米氧化硅—镍复合镀层材料，并利用静态浸泡法对纯镍镀层和由镀液中不同微粒含量制备的复合镀层耐蚀性能进行研究，讨论了镀液中纳米微粒含量对镀层抗蚀性的影响，并用扫描电镜观察镀层的表面形貌。     

6种常用农药与球孢白僵菌和蜡蚧轮枝菌的相容性

测定了3种杀虫剂和3种杀菌剂在田间常规浓度下对球孢白僵菌和蜡蚧轮枝菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。供试杀虫剂对球孢白僵菌孢子萌发的影响很小，萌发率超过85％，对蜡蚧轮枝菌孢子萌发影响较大，抑制作用最小的吡虫啉，抑制率达到25％。3种杀菌剂几乎完全抑制了孢子的萌发。杀虫剂对球孢白僵菌的菌丝生长有一定抑制作用，抑制率为22．60％-38．39％；对蜡蚧轮枝菌菌丝生长的影响小于对球孢白僵菌的影响，抑制率为10．06％．17．61％。供试杀菌剂对球孢向僵菌和蜡蚧轮枝菌菌丝生长的抑制作用都较大，抑制率都在50％以上。     

纳米技术与建筑用塑料管材的发展动态

本文描述了建筑用塑料管材的广泛发展空间。细述了纳米碳酸钙的加入。可有效提高聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂及其管材的抗冲击性、热稳定性、拉抻强度、尺寸稳定性、刚度等性能。降低综合成本。层状硅酸盐纳米材料的加入，可提高不同聚合物复合材料的刚性、韧性、强度、耐热性等性能减轻制品质量。并列举了纳米技术对塑料管材的抗菌、阻燃、防老化方面的改善效果。     

活性炭纤维布担载纳米TiO2的三种方法

TiO2光催化剂与多孔炭材料的复合，可以将吸附性能与光催化降解性能有机地结合在一起。以活性炭纤维布(ACFC)为载体，采用TiO2粉体分散液直接浸涂法、中频交流磁控溅射法及溶胶-凝胶法进行了担载实验，用SEM对三种担载方法得到的样品进行形貌观察，结果表明溶胶-凝胶法比较适合于ACFC上担载TiO2。而且，通过控制提拉速度、浸涂次数、热处理条件，可以得到形貌完整、结合强度较好的复合体，该复合体的XRD衍射结果表明，ACFC表面担载的TiO2为锐钛矿，在紫外-可见光漫反射光谱中，于350—400nm区间有明显的吸收边，表明此复合体具有光催化活性。     

碳纳米管负载银及其对苯乙烯环氧化的催化作用

用自行合成的碳纳米管(CNTs)作为载体,制备了高分散催化剂Ag/CNTs。通过SEM图和TEM图观察以及催化活性的测定,证明小粒径的Ag粒子均匀地分布在碳纳米管表面,对苯乙烯环氧化反应有良好的催化活性和选择性。     

Mn^2＋在铝酸盐中的发光

用金属硝酸盐、稀土氧化物和乙酸锰为原料，用燃烧法合成了Ce^3 、Tb^3 、Mn^2 共激活的铝酸盐绿色荧光粉，在Ce^3 和Tb^3 共激活的铝酸盐体系中掺入Mn^2 后，发射峰中出现锰的特征峰。通过对其结构的分析，对Mn^2 发光和最佳掺杂量给出了合理的解释．同时研究了不同碱金属和碱土金属离子代替Mg^2 时，对Mn^2 发光的影响．     

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene as a coupling agent for polypropylene composites filled with ink‐eliminated waste paper sludge flour

Ink‐eliminated sludge flour (IESF), a waste residue from the recycling treatment of waste paper, is a promising new kind of filler for thermoplastic polymers with a good price/performance ratio and advantages for environmental protection. In this study, high‐impact polypropylene (PP) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were chosen as a polymer matrix and a coupling agent, respectively, for the preparation of IESF/PP composites, and the structures and properties of the obtained composites were also investigated. The experimental results revealed that IESF not only induced the crystallization orientation of PP along the b axis but also had a restraining effect on the formation of the β phase during the recrystallization of PP from the melt; the addition of MAPP further strengthened this effect to some extent. In addition, the proper addition of MAPP was helpful for improving the thermal stability of the IESF/PP composites. With the strengthening of the interfacial interaction between the IESF and PP matrix by MAPP, the resultant efficient stress transfer from the PP matrix to the IESF particles led to increased tensile and flexural strength. However, the original greater rigidity of MAPP, with respect to PP, reduced the toughness of the composites and caused some negative effects on the impact strength and the elongation at break. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2320–2325, 2004