文东油田气举油井腐蚀研究与防护技术

文东油田气举井由于其所处的生产环境及本身流态特点,腐蚀严重且具有其特殊规律.本文描述了气举井的腐蚀现状;分析了腐蚀影响因素;对气举井缓蚀剂性能进行了评价;介绍了腐蚀防护工艺.为相关油田(油井)腐蚀研究及防护提供了可借鉴的经验.     

Aging properties and hydrophilicity of maize starch plasticized by hyperbranched poly(citrate glyceride)

Hyperbranched poly(citrate glyceride)s (HBPETs) as plasticizers were mixed with maize starch (S) via cooking and film formation. The structure, aging properties, and hydrophilicity of the plasticized starches were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, tension testing, contact angle testing, solubility measurements, moisture absorption, and water vapor permeability (WVP). Compared with a glycerol–S plasticized film, the HBPET–S composite films had better mechanical properties in terms of both strength and elongation at break, better aging resistance, less moisture absorption, less WVP, and more hydrophobicity on the film surface. The mechanisms behind the performances resulted from stronger and more stable H bonds between the abundant active end groups of HBPET and hydroxyls of starch and the high branching degree of the HBPETs; this was helpful for effectively inhibiting the recrystallization of starch. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46899.     

Preparation of waterborne elastic polyesters by chain extension with isophorone diisocyanate as a chain extender

Isophorone diisocyanate was used as a chain extender to coupling the soft segment water-borne polyester with the hard segment water-borne polyester, to overcome the disadvantages of low molar mass and poor mechanical properties of waterborne sulfonate-containing polyesters. The molecular structure of the extended polyester was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR, and the increased molar mass of the resultant was characterized by SEC. The extended products could be dispersed in water with the emulsion particle size less than 50 nm in diameter, slightly larger than that of precursors of soft- and hard-segment polyesters. The emulsion viscosity of polyesters after the chain extension was lower when the emulsion concentration was not larger than 25 wt%, which is conducive to the spraying application of the polyester for coating. DSC analysis indicated that the polyester after chain extension had two different glass temperatures, suggesting that the polyester bulk had a microphase separation structure. The mechanical performance of the coupled polyester manifested an obviously improved elongation at break and had a feature of higher elastic recovery rate. The results of this study indicate that the chain extension is an effective method to increase the molar mass and improve mechanical properties of waterborne polyesters. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48453.     

Improvement of filtration performance of polyvinyl chloride/cellulose acetate blend membrane via acid hydrolysis

Based on the hydrophilicity and biodegradability of cellulose acetate (CA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/CA blend membrane was prepared by solution comixing and phase transformation method. Then the CA in the blend membrane was partially hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to improve the hydrophilicity of the blend membrane, so as to improve the filtration performance of the PVC/CA blend membrane. The properties of the membranes were systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The porosity, water contact angle, pure water flux (PWF), protein retention rate, and mechanical properties of the membrane were measured, and the effect of hydrolysis on the filtration performance of the blend membrane was analyzed. The results showed that the hydrophilicity and porosity of the blend membrane increased, the PWF and protein rejection rate enhanced after acid catalyzed hydrolysis, while the mechanical properties of PVC membrane were maintained. This simple preparation method endows PVC/CA blend membrane with desirable filtration performance, and also helps to overcome the disadvantages of poor hydrophilicity and easy pollution of pure PVC membrane.     

饲养方式对苏尼特羊肌纤维组成和肉品质的影响及其调控机理

本实验以不同饲养方式下（放牧和舍饲）苏尼特羊背最长肌为材料，分析其肉品质指标的差异性，并利用ATPase染色法和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应技术对肌纤维类型进行划分，同时对相关代谢酶活力以及肌纤维转化相关调控基因mRNA表达量进行分析。结果表明，放牧组的胴体质量、L*值、剪切力和pH24值显著低于舍饲组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）；IIB型肌纤维数量比例和面积比例，I型、IIA型和IIB型肌纤维直径和肌纤维横截面积，乳酸脱氢酶酶活力均显著低于舍饲组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。而放牧组IIA型肌纤维的数量比例和面积比例、MyHC I和MyHC IIX mRNA表达量、苹果酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活力、AMPKα2和COX IV mRNA相对表达量显著高于舍饲组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。PGC-1α mRNA表达量在两种饲养方式下差异不显著（P＞0.05）。综上所述，与舍饲相比，放牧饲养能提高肌纤维的AMPKα2 mRNA相对表达量，激活位于线粒体内膜上的细胞色素c氧化酶IV，提高肌肉的线粒体生物合成水平，增强肌肉的氧化代谢能力，使肌纤维类型由酵解型向氧化型转化，进而改善肉品品质。     

Ca~(2+)信号通路调控肌纤维类型转化的研究进展

Ca~(2+)信号通路包括钙调神经磷酸酶(calcineurin,CaN)和钙调蛋白激酶(calmodulin kinase,CaMK)两条Ca~(2+)依赖性信号传导途径,其被激活都会促进快肌纤维向慢肌纤维转化。本文综述了CaN和CaMK的组成结构、作用机理、影响Ca~(2+)信号通路调控的主要因素、Ca~(2+)信号通路在肌纤维类型转化中的作用以及与肉品品质的关系,并对其研究方向作出展望,以期为今后通过遗传、营养等措施改善肉品品质提供理论依据。     

醋酸乙烯酯共聚浆料的合成与表征

采用半连续乳液共聚的方法合成了醋酸乙烯酯共聚浆料，对两种不同增稠工艺的浆料与甲酯浆作了性能对比，发现后增稠浆料的流动性最好，对涤／棉的粘结力最大，水溶时间大大缩短；所合成的浆料具有较高的玻璃化温度，热粘性能稳定，上浆效果良好，对涤／棉具有较好的增强保伸作用。     

乙烯基单体接枝苎麻的染色性能

苎麻织物用丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯腈和丙烯酸混合接枝共聚后，可以用阳离子染料和分散染料染色。本文研究了混合单体的组成对染料上染主和耐水洗牢度的影响。     

淀粉醋酸酯的干法制备及其结构研究

采用氢氧化钠催化、用醋酸酐干法酯化玉米淀粉,制备了低、中、高三种取代度的淀粉醋酸酯,通过羧基含量的变化研究了酯化改性的反应动力学,并以FTIR和XRD分析了改性淀粉的结构特征。结果表明,淀粉的醋酸酐酯化反应符合二级反应动力学,在催化下其活化能为36.16 kJ/mol;酯化后淀粉缔合羟基数量锐减,而羰基和酯基逐渐增多;随取代度提高,淀粉的结晶度降低。     

戈兰滩水电站水轮发电机组及其附属设备设计

李仙江戈兰滩水电站位于云南省普洱地区江城县,电站水头范围为75.3～86.2 m,共装设3台套单机容量150 MW的水轮发电机组.着重介绍戈兰滩水电站水轮机的主要参数选择及其主要结构特点.