黄铜矿与斑铜矿在酸性细菌培养基中的电化学溶解对比(英文)

采用电化学测试和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试分析黄铜矿与斑铜矿在酸性细菌培养基中的电化学溶解过程。斑铜矿直接氧化反应比还原反应更容易发生,但黄铜矿既难被氧化,又难被还原。斑铜矿具有更高的氧化速率,从而比黄铜矿更容易被溶解。铜蓝(CuS)是黄铜矿与斑铜矿溶解过程的中间产物。因此,斑铜矿的溶解途径主要为直接氧化过程,中间产物铜蓝(CuS)可能限制其进一步溶解。黄铜矿的溶解途径包含了还原-氧化过程,其中,黄铜矿首先被还原为与斑铜矿类似的中间产物,再进一步被氧化,并产生铜蓝(CuS),而黄铜矿的最初还原过程是其溶解过程的主要限制步骤。     

Influence of resin flow on shrinkage of additive manufacturing coated sand molds

Coated sands are used extensively for additive manufacturing sand molds in the metal casting process, and the packing structure changes caused by the resin flow promote the shrinkage and deformation of the part. During the coated sand heating, the resin on the surface flowing to the contact points of the particles forms the resin neck and causes particles to pack close to each other. In this work, the diameters of the coated ceramsite sand before and after heating were measured based on in-situ experimental observations with image measuring apparatus and blue laser, to obtain the relationship between resin coating thickness and the particle diameter. The particle packing model was established to describe the particles' achievement of a stable state one by one. A re-packing simulation was then performed after reducing the particle diameter according to the resin coating thickness, to obtain the shrinkage ratios at different particle size distributions. It was found that the resin coating thickness increased from 0.8 to 2.3 μm as the particle diameter increased from 107 to 500 μm, for the coated ceramsite sand with the resin content of 2 wt.%; the shrinkage ratio decreased first and then increased as the particle diameter increased. The experimental minimum shrinkage ratio was 3.28%, and the corresponding particle diameter was 300-375 μm, while the minimum shrinkage ratio obtained by simulation was 3.43%, and the corresponding particle diameter was 214-300 μm. After mixing the five groups proportionally, the shrinkage ratios of the simulation and experiment dropped to 2.81% and 3.04%, respectively, indicating the best results.     

Styrene/isoprene/butadiene integrated rubber prepared by anionic bulk polymerization in a twin‐screw extruder

Styrene/isoprene/butadiene integrated rubber (SIBR) was synthesized using anionic bulk polymerization in a corotating intermeshing twin‐screw extruder. In order to study the relationship between microstructure and physical properties, three SIBRs were synthesized using different initiator complexes: n‐BuLi (N‐butyl lithium), n‐BuLi/THF (tetrahydrofuran), and n‐BuLi/TMEDA (tetramethylethylenediamine). The microstructure of the rubber products was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and H nuclear magnetic resonance. SIBR prepared with pure n‐BuLi exhibited a multiblock microstructure. With the addition of THF or TMEDA, the vinyl content of the alkadiene increased; and the microstructure of SIBRs was randomized, indicated by the presence of a high weight content of styrene microblocks. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated similar morphology in both the SIBRs and SSBR2003 (an industrial product). Dynamic mechanical analysis of the vulcanized SIBRs showed that the randomized SIBRs were quite suitable for the preparation of high‐performance tires. Tensile and tear test results of SIBRs were equivalent to those of SSBR2003. The low manufacturing cost of reactive extrusion technology will allow the large‐scale industrialization of SIBRs. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1163–1169, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Ni-V负载酸改性焙烧高岭土的制备、表征及光催化性能

高岭土在773 K焙烧,经H2SO4溶液处理后作为载体,在不同n(Ni2+)∶n(V5+)溶液中浸渍制备了Ni-V负载酸改性焙烧高岭土样品,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、吡啶吸附FTIR(Py-FTIR)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对样品进行了表征。在高压汞灯下,以甲醇(CH3OH)常压转化制二甲醚(CH3OCH3)为模型反应,评价了Ni-V负载样品的光催化活性。结果表明,所制备催化剂对CH3OH的光催化转化有活性。当处理焙烧高岭土的酸溶液中H2SO4质量分数为40%、浸渍液n(Ni2+)∶n(V5+)=2∶8、样品焙烧温度为773 K时,催化剂样品对CH3OH转化反应活性最高,CH3OH转化率为30.5%,CH3OCH3选择性为76.2%。样品Ni-V的协同作用和表面酸性是促进CH3OH光催化转化制备CH3OCH3反应活性的重要影响因素。     

FRCC框架梁裂缝性能试验研究

通过三分点弯曲试验,研究FRCC框架梁在弯曲荷载作用下的裂缝发展规律,并与RC框架梁进行对比,结果表明:加载至承载力极限状态,FRCC框架梁的受拉裂缝几乎贯穿了整个加载阶段,并在极限状态呈现出较多裂缝共同发展的破坏模式;RC框架梁表面不再有新裂缝产生,既有裂缝逐渐变宽增长并近乎贯通整个横断面.利用原理公式,引入应变修正系数γs和纤维影响系数γf,得到FRCC框架梁裂缝宽度计算公式,就本文配制的FRCC而言,可以预测FRCC框架梁跨中正常使用极限荷载时的裂缝宽度.     

不同梳形支化结构聚苯乙烯熔体的流变行为

以主链长度相当、支链数目和支链长度变化的一系列梳形支化聚苯乙烯为对象,采用旋转流变仪测定其流变参数,研究了梳形支化结构对聚合物熔体流变行为的影响。结果表明,梳形支化聚苯乙烯的零剪切黏度随支化数目或支链长度的增加而增大。在支链长度低于链缠结临界分子量Me时,随支链数目增加,梳形支化聚苯乙烯的零剪切黏度与重均分子量对数曲线的斜率为2.8~2.9。在支链数目一定时,当支链长度增加到链缠结临界分子量Me之前,梳形支化聚苯乙烯的零剪切黏度与重均分子量对数曲线的斜率为3.2左右。梳形支化聚苯乙烯呈假塑性流动行为,其非牛顿指数小于1,且随支链数目或支链长度的增加有小幅下降。由于支链减轻了链缠结程度,导致梳形支化聚苯乙烯的黏流活化能低于线形聚苯乙烯,随支链数目增加,对链缠结的抑制作用增大,黏流活化能进一步下降。     

特殊环境户外照明装置电击防护失效问题分析

电击防护有效性由多种因素决定.户外照明装置的配电系统具有分布范围广,难以实施等电位措施,运行环境受天气影响大的特点.针对TT系统的电击防护措施,分析特殊天气环境下,户外照明设施接地装置的接触电压和跨步电压特点,以及人体在该条件下的耐受电击能力;并据此提出剩余电流动作保护装置整定计算的约束条件和参数设计原则.     

PP/云母/POE-g-MAH复合材料的力学性能及抗老化性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备高含量云母/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,用风冷氙灯试验箱对纯PP和复合材料进行30d人工加速老化,然后利用万能测试机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行分析测试。结果表明:云母、POE-g-MAH及PP-g-MAH协同能够增强增韧PP,和纯PP相比,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高近30%和90%,综合性能良好的配方为6#和7#。老化30d后,纯PP的拉伸强度和冲击强度保持率分别为74%和49%,表面变黄,出现粉化现象,变脆,且表面产生较多应力开裂裂纹,排列平行、分布均匀,裂纹较长;PP/云母复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度的保持率分别为95%和89%以上;老化12d后,试样表面变成灰白色,但粉末状较纯PP的少,同时试样变得硬而韧,表面裂纹出现较纯PP晚,分布不均匀,裂缝宽度各异,裂纹较短。     

奥迪汽车B柱超高强钢热冲压厚度分布研究

根据numisheet 2008标准考题benchmark problem BM3模块上提出的汽车B柱热冲压成形问题,对汽车B柱热冲压进行了建模,并进行热冲压分析。对B柱上3个典型截面P1,P2,P3进行了有限元分析,主要研究了3个截面的厚度分布情况,并将3个典型截面的厚度值与试验结果进行比较。研究表明:B柱热成形后厚度分布基本保持均匀分布,尾部局部区域发生突变增厚现象,P1截面的厚度值对称分布,中间部位出现厚度峰值;P2截面厚度值沿截面线呈先减小后增大的对称分布;P3截面厚度沿Section 3a的方向变化较大,Section 3b变化平缓,有限元结果和实验结果基本相吻合。     

油井管特殊螺纹设计技术分析

概述了油井管特殊螺纹设计技术在国内外的发展情况,以及油井管对特殊螺纹接头的性能要求。重点从油井管特殊螺纹的连接螺纹、密封面和扭矩台肩3个方面介绍了常见特殊螺纹的设计特点,对不同设计方式的特殊螺纹接头性能进行了对比分析,同时提出了优化特殊螺纹性能的基本设计原则和思路。