CFCS以后-电子组装清洗的选择

1985年,在地球上空臭氧层发现一个空洞。1987年,科学证据无可争辩的表明,臭氧层的空洞是由人为的化学物质-CFCS造成。1989年,在蒙特利尔草案中,限制CFC的生产与消耗已列入议事日程。1990年.这一草案经伦敦审核通过,更加严格。2000年以前,CFCS将不能使     

砷(Ⅲ)在盐酸溶液和芳香族溶剂间的分配:盐析剂(如氯化钙)的影响

本专题研究了采用Solvesso 150(一种含99％芳香族的溶剂)从盐酸溶液中萃取砷(Ⅲ)的平衡分配。试验结果证实,当盐酸的浓度为8—12M时,萃取效果较好。在盐酸溶液中加入氯化钙可以提高砷(Ⅲ)的萃取率。在H_2O-HCl和H_2O-HCl-CaCI_2混合物体系中,用电位滴定法测定了氢离子、氯化物离子和盐酸的活度,水的活度从文献中查得。在上述介质中测得的砷(Ⅲ)的分配系数可能与盐酸的原始活度或aHCI/aH_2o比率的变化具有相关性。因此,可以选择H_2O-HCl-CaCl_2混合物(相当于提高了浓度的盐酸溶液)作为用Solvesso 150萃取砷(Ⅲ)的介质。采用盐酸活度大于4的混合物时,砷(Ⅲ)的分配系数大于10。提出了可以对分配数据进行分析的模型,按照该模型分析,被萃取的砷(Ⅲ)的化合物为As(OH)Cl_2和AsCl_3。     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TTTANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs （OM）. The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm/s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm^-2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2 and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80μm, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

用辅以微信息处理机的热分析法检测铸铝合金质量

一种不需进行常规金相检验而用冷却曲线分析的新技术,已被福特公司开发并在生产中用于现场快速监控Essex铝-硅合金熔体。从含有不同原始铝晶粒和共晶硅熔体得到的冷却曲线利用微处理机进行数学分析。这种新技术通过冷却曲线进行微分及随后进行的相变区域积分这两种数学运算,得到监控熔体质量的峰值读数。一旦确立了足够的峰值读数与组织的关系,则可在不取金相试样的情况下预测任何熔体的铸造组织。     

硅压力传感器的应力隔离封装

<正> 当封装压力传感器时,由于传感器芯片和管壳材料之间热膨胀系数的差别,在封接部位引入应力。这一封装应力引起传感器芯片硅膜     

多元羧酸非甲醛DP整理的低磷和无磷催化剂

用1,2,3,4—丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)或柠檬酸(CA)类多元羧酸可使棉织物具有耐久压烫(DP)性。含磷的无机酸钠盐可被用作高温、快速酯化和交联的催化剂。磷酸盐、多磷酸盐、亚磷酸盐和次磷酸盐是已被考虑的四大类催化剂。根据固着的速度和完全度、织物的白度及DP整理后耐碱洗性,这些催化剂中最有效的是次磷酸钠。 但是,作为催化剂,次磷酸钠也有一些缺点。其价格高,在用硫化染料或某些活性染料染色时会产生色调变化,这是众所周知的。色调的变化显然是由于次磷酸钠对较为敏感的偶氮基因和含硫组分的还原作用所致。     

PYRO—JET燃烧器降低NOx排放——发展趋势和实践经验

ＰＹＲＯ—ＪＥＴ燃烧器降低ＮＯ＿ｘ排放—发展趋势和实践经验［德］洪堡公司Ｃ．Ｂａｎｅｒ一、引言何以在１９７０年代末，德国洪堡公司研究的派洛其脱（ＰＹＲＯ—ＪＥＴ）燃烧器转向在回转窑烧煤？所确定的目标在于使窑由燃油在改烧煤时水泥回转窑中产生一个直而短的...