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介绍了智能化建筑的特点,分析了当前建筑智能化存在的问题,对建筑智能化项目管理及建筑工程智能化的实施过程提出了具体要求和对策,为建筑行业的工程智能化提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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为获得汽车事故中人体头部冲击下风挡玻璃的吸能特性,开展一系列头模块与PVB夹层风挡玻璃在不同冲击速度(6.6 ~11.2 m/s)、冲击角度(60°~90°)及冲击方向下的参数化冲击试验。利用加速度传感器得到头模块在冲击过程中的加速度-时间历程曲线并分析头模块在冲击过程中的动态响应;结合高速摄像机图像分析风挡玻璃在受冲击过程中的裂纹扩展过程,研究风挡玻璃的破损形态,并与真实交通事故案例中的风挡玻璃破损形态进行对比分析。在此基础上,通过定义最大接触力、最大塑性凹陷量、头部损伤指标(Head injury criteria,HIC)、头模块损失动能、动能吸收比等吸能评价指标,系统研究了冲击速度、不同冲击方向下的冲击角度对于风挡玻璃吸能特性的影响。结果为风挡玻璃的吸能特性研究提供了必要的试验数据和重要的理论基础。 相似文献
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Crosslinking treatments for a commercially available aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane were carried out to improve its chlorine resistance. The crosslinking agents including 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, adipoyl dichloride and hexamethylene diisocyanate ester with long flexible aliphatic chains and high reactivity with N-H groups were used in the experiments. Attenuated total reflective Fourier transform infrared spectra verified the successful preparation of highly crosslinked membranes by crosslinking treatments. It was suggested that the crosslinking agents were connected to membrane surface through the reactions with amine and amide II groups, which is confirmed by surface charge measurements. Based on contact angle measurements, crosslinking treatments decreased membrane hydrophilicity by introducing methylene groups to membrane surface. With increasing amount of crosslinking agent molecules connected to membrane surface, the hydrolysis of unconnected functional groups of crosslinking agent produced polar groups and increased membrane hydrophilicity. The highly crosslinked membranes showed higher salt rejections and lower water fluxes as compared with the raw membrane. Since the active sites (N-H groups) vulnerable to free chlorine on membrane surface were eliminated by crosslinking treatments, the chlorine resistances of the highly crosslinked membranes were significantly improved by slighter changes in both water fluxes and salt rejections after chlorination. 相似文献