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A fiber optic ring network, such as fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), can be operated over multiple wavelengths on its existing fiber plant consisting of point-to-point fiber links. Using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, FDDI nodes can be partitioned to operate over multiple subnetworks, with each subnetwork operating independently on a different wavelength, and inter-subnetwork traffic forwarding performed by a bridge. For this multiwavelength version of FDDI, which we refer to as wavelength distributed data interface (WDDI), we examine the necessary upgrades to the architecture of a FDDI node, including its possibility to serve as a bridge. The main motivation behind this study is that, as network traffic scales beyond (the single-wavelength) FDDI's information-carrying capacity, its multiwavelength version, WDDI, can gracefully accommodate such traffic growth. A number of design choices exist in constructing a good WDDI network. Specifically, we investigate algorithms using which, based on prevailing traffic conditions, partitioning of nodes into subnetworks can be performed in an optimized fashion. Our algorithms partition the nodes into subrings, such that the total traffic flow in the network and/or the network-wide average packet delay is minimized 相似文献
13.
A dynamic model for computer simulation and control of steelmaking has been developed. It is essentially based on multicomponent mixed transport control theory with the incorporation of energy balance calculations. The model is applicable to both steelmaking in electric furnaces as well as in oxygen steelmaking converters. The adjustable parameters of the model for simulation of oxygen steelmaking are gas evolution rate (Gco). oxygen flux factor (Fo) and emulsification factor (EM). These simulation parameters, when combined with on-line measurement of off-gas composition and temperature, enable complete dynamic control of the process. The model developed is applied, as an example, to an industrially produced heat in a top blown oxygen steelmaking converter and the results of simulation are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Probability (P) of equipment failure consequent upon stress exceeding built-in strength has been estimated assuming a bivariate normal stress-strength distribution. The UMVUE of P when parameters other than the means are known has been derived. An alternative estimator based on maximum likelihood estimates has been proposed in the case when all the five parameters are unknown. Asymptotic variances of both these estimators have been worked out. Some relevant numerical computations have also been reported. 相似文献
15.
Organic photovoltaic solar cells bear an important potential of development in the search for low-cost modules for the production of domestic electricity. One of the main differences between inorganic and organic solar cells is that photo-excitation in these materials does not automatically lead to the generation of free charge carriers, but to bind electron–hole pairs (exciton) with a binding energy of about 0.4 eV. Till now various numerical methods using approximations have been reported to study different aspects of organic solar cells. For the first time an accurate method using Lambert W-function is presented to study different parameters of organic solar cells. 相似文献
16.
Non-pinched, minimum energy solutions are important class of distillation designs that offer the potential advantage of a better trade-off between capital investment and operating costs. In this paper, two important tasks associated with non-pinched distillation designs are studied. Thus the novel contributions of this work to the literature are
- (1) A comprehensive methodology for finding non-pinched minimum energy designs.
- (2) Understanding of the reasons for the existence of non-pinched distillation designs.
17.
OBJECTIVE: The most common indication for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is major depression. It is less recognized that ECT is effective also in the treatment of acute mania. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the literature on the use of ECT for manic patients. METHOD: All published papers in the English language on the use of ECT in acute mania that could be found were reviewed with regard to efficacy, frequency and number of treatments, bilateral versus unilateral electrode placement, predictors of antimanic response, stability of therapeutic response, cognitive consequences, and other relevant issues. RESULTS: The evidence indicates that ECT is associated with remission or marked clinical improvement in 80% of manic patients and that it is an effective treatment for patients whose manic episodes have responded poorly to pharmacotherapy. Manic patients do not require a high frequency or prolonged course of treatments to respond to ECT. The seizure threshold appears to be lower in manic patients than in depressed patients. The issues of relapse following response to ECT, cognitive consequences of ECT, and the relative merits of unilateral versus bilateral ECT in manic patients require further study. CONCLUSIONS: ECT is an effective and safe treatment for acute mania. Remission of mania following ECT reflects a primary therapeutic effect rather than a secondary consequence of an ECT-induced organic brain syndrome. 相似文献
18.
19.
Laura M. Haas Michael J. Carey Miron Livny Amit Shukla 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》1997,6(3):241-256
In this paper, we re-examine the results of prior work on methods for computing ad hoc joins. We develop a detailed cost model for predicting join algorithm performance, and we use the model to develop cost formulas
for the major ad hoc join methods found in the relational database literature. We show that various pieces of “common wisdom” about join algorithm
performance fail to hold up when analyzed carefully, and we use our detailed cost model to derive op
timal buffer allocation schemes for each of the join methods examined here. We show that optimizing their buffer allocations
can lead to large performance improvements, e.g., as much as a 400% improvement in some cases. We also validate our cost model's
predictions by measuring an actual implementation of each join algorithm considered. The results of this work should be directly
useful to implementors of relational query optimizers and query processing systems.
Edited by M. Adiba. Received May 1993 / Accepted April 1996 相似文献
20.
A computer method for the calculation of the phase shift due to optically injected carriers in an InP avalanche transit time diode has been suggested using the numerically simulated negative resistance profiles in the depletion layer of the diode. The results show that the phase shift due to hole injection is larger than that due to electron injection which explains the pronounced effect of photogenerated hole leakage current in modulating the microwave properties of InP diodes 相似文献