Influence of deposition pressure on properties of ZnO: Al films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering

Transparent conductive aluminum doped zinc oxide(ZnO:Al,AZO) films were prepared on glass substrates by rf(radio frequency) magnetron sputtering from ZnO: 3wt% Al_2O_3 ceramic target. The effect of argon gas pressure(PAr) was investigated with small variations to understand the influence on the electrical, optical and structural properties of the films. Structural examinations using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that the ZnO:Al thin films were(002) oriented. The resistivity values were measured by four-point probe with the lowest resistivity of 5.76×10~(-4) Ω?cm(sheet resistance=9.6 Ω/sq. for a thickness=600 nm) obtained at the PAr of 0.3 Pa. The transmittance was achieved from ultravioletvisible(UV-VIS) spectrophotometer, 84% higher than that in the visible region for all AZO thin films. The properties of deposited thin films showed a significant dependence on the PAr.     

我国铝业生产的环境负荷动态分析

本文对我国铝业生产的环境库兹涅茨曲线进行研究,分析其是否符合环境污染程度随着经济发展呈现先上升、后下降的倒U形状,并解释其原因.通过对我国铝业生产环境负荷的动态分析,探索我国铝业生产在发展与环保并重的要求下存在的不足及未来的努力方向.     

模糊系统结合蚁群算法的金具温升建模

为了得到准确可靠的阀厅连接金具温升模型,运用模糊系统结合蚁群算法的方法进行建模。在分析基本蚁群算法与梯度下降法优缺点的基础上,将两种方法结合形成改进蚁群算法,即在基本蚁群算法基础上应用梯度下降算法。通过试验得到的训练数据分别用基本蚁群算法、梯度下降算法、改进蚁群算法训练模糊系统,改进蚁群算法的收敛效果优于其他两种方法;通过试验得到的测试数据对4种方法所得的模型进行测试,由改进蚁群算法训练模糊系统所得模型的测试效果是最好的。结果表明,若能通过试验得到足量训练数据,用改进蚁群算法训练模糊系统的方法对阀厅连接金具的温升进行建模是可行的。     

Consumer‐diet discrimination of δ13C and δ15N: Source‐ and feeding‐oriented patterns based on gut content analysis in a large subtropical river of China

Understanding the trophic discrimination (?¹³C and ?¹⁵N) between consumers and diets in fluvial systems remains difficult because of the variable food sources and complex predator–prey interactions from headwaters to the estuaries. Here, stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes in fish and invertebrates from a large subtropical river in southern China were determined to explore trophic discrimination in conjunction with a gut content analysis. The ?¹³C values showed significant differences (p < .05) among functional feeding groups, with fish, shrimp, and insect scrapers presenting higher ?¹³C values (1.20 ± 0.23‰ to 1.51 ± 0.31‰) than other groups. The ?¹⁵N values varied significantly between invertebrates (0.64 ± 0.17‰ of insect collector‐gatherers to 1.63 ± 0.36‰ of shrimp predators) and fish (1.98 ± 0.19‰ of detritivores to 2.71 ± 0.43‰ of crustaceavores) and exhibited an increasing tendency from primary to secondary consumers. A linear regression analysis revealed that the longitudinal changes in ?¹³C and ?¹⁵N were closely associated with the δ¹³C of periphyton, the δ¹⁵N of particulate organic matter (POM) in water, and the relative contribution (%) of periphyton and organic detritus to the diet composition of consumers. These results indicated that discrimination factors might not only be influenced by the isotope signatures of basal food sources but also downstream shifts in dominant food items utilized by consumers. In particular, trophic discrimination between periphyton– and detritus–based food chains, such as “epilithic diatoms–shrimp scrapers–crustaceavorous fish” and “POM–bivalves–molluscivorous fish,” displayed regionally specific patterns. When back‐calculating to the diet assimilation and trophic position in subtropical streams and rivers, we suggest using the basin‐scale ?¹³C value of 0.96 ± 0.26‰ for all consumers and ?¹⁵N values of 1.07 ± 0.32‰ for invertebrates and 2.38 ± 0.37‰ for fish.     

超低能耗建筑发展现状及关键技术

当前,超低能耗建筑已成为国内外行业建筑节能发展趋势。本文从技术原理、标准、政策、示范项目等方面介绍了超低能耗建筑的发展现状,并梳理了寒冷地区超低能耗建筑技术体系,为推广落地超低能耗建筑项目奠定了基础。     

健康睡眠产业现状与房地产空间应用研究

房地产发展进入聚焦健康的高品质发展阶段,客户更关注生活质量与健康,睡眠是其中关键一环,建筑空间又是健康睡眠的主要保障空间,然而现有居住空间对于健康睡眠的整体性管控仍在初期阶段,居住者对于睡眠空间与健康睡眠的认知较低。基于这种现状,本文对于健康睡眠的研究现状与发展趋势进行了梳理和总结,旨在对于房地产发展健康睡眠管理提升提供支持和指引。     

基于特征矢量化的肺结节特征选择算法*

针对肺结节良恶性分类模型中特征选择过程无法避免特征多样性不受破坏的问题,提出一种将肺结节特征矢量化处理的特征选择方法。首先,假设每个肺结节特征都是由数据、类型构成的一个矢量。然后,按照特征类型添加特征到相应的特征子集,并分别利用Relief算法评价特征、特征子集的分类重要性。最后,通过动态阈值的方式筛选得到优化后的特征子集。在150个肺结节样本的分类实验中,采用本文算法所取得的敏感性为94.7%、特异性为93.7%、虚警率为5.2%、受试者工作特性曲线下面积为97.3%。分析表明,本文算法几乎不破坏肺结节特征的多样性,能够显著提高肺结节良恶性分类的准确性。     

离子色谱-原子荧光检测海产品中的汞形态

建立了离子色谱(IC)-紫外消解氢化物发生原子荧光(UV-HGAFS)联用技术测定海产品中3种常见汞化合物的方法。实验分别对离子色谱和原子荧光的仪器条件进行优化,在仪器的最优条件下,对不同提取液下的南极磷虾粉样品中的汞形态进行测定。结果表明:2%(V/V)甲酸+1%(m/V)硫脲+0.15%(m/V)氯化钾作为提取液时,提取效率最高,回收率在95.76%~116.1%之间,且RSD5%。所建立的方法准确性好、精密度高,样品前处理方法简便,较适用于水产品中汞化合物形态的测定。     

Thermal analysis of a solar parabolic trough receiver tube with porous insert optimized by coupling genetic algorithm and CFD

In this paper, the heat transfer enhancement in a solar parabolic trough receiver tube with porous insert and non-uniform heat flux condition was investigated. A new optimization method, which couples genetic algorithm (GA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on Socket communication, was proposed to optimize the configuration of porous insert. After the acquisition of the optimal porous inserts, some performance evaluation criterions such as synergy angle, entransy dissipation and exergy loss were introduced to discuss the heat transfer performance of the enhanced receiver tubes (ERTs) with optimal and referenced porous inserts. The results showed that, for a large range of properties of porous insert (including porosity and thermal conductivity) and Reynolds number, the heat-transfer performance of ERT with porous insert optimized by GA is always higher than that of the referenced ERTs. Better heat-transfer performance can further improve the solar-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency and mechanical property of the solar parabolic trough receiver. When some porous materials with high thermal conductivity are adopted, ERT can simultaneously obtain perfect thermal and thermo-hydraulic performance with using the same optimized porous insert, which cannot be achieved by using the referenced porous insert. In the view of those introduced evaluation criterions, using the optimized porous insert can obtain better synergy performance and lesser irreversibility of heat transfer than using the referenced porous insert. Entransy dissipation per unit energy transferred and exergy loss rate have equivalent effects on the evaluation of irreversibility of heat transfer process. These evaluation criterions can be used as optimization goals for enhancing the comprehensive performance of the solar parabolic trough receiver.     

Bifurcation behaviors of an Euler discretized inertial delayed neuron model

This paper presents an Euler discretized inertial delayed neuron model, and its bifurcation dynamical behaviors are discussed. By using the associated characteristic model, center manifold theorem and the normal form method, it is shown that the model not only undergoes codimension one (flip, Neimark-Sacker) bifurcation, but also undergoes cusp and resonance bifurcation (1:1 and 1:2) of codimension two. Further, it is found that the parity of delay has some effect on bifurcation behaviors. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to support the analytic results and explore complex dynamics, such as periodic orbits near homoclinic orbits, quasiperiodic orbits, and chaotic orbits.