快干型芭蕉芋淀粉粘合剂的制备

介绍一种快干型芭蕉芋淀粉粘合剂，它特别适合于粘结瓦楞纸板，其制法是芭蕉芋等直链淀粉含量较代低的天然植物淀粉为原料，经氧化、糊化、交联等步骤而制得；产品结力强，产品性能稳定，贮存期长。     

工程物探在温泉区域断层调查的效果分析

温泉区域地质构造一般比较复杂、埋深浅,高精度工程物探方法在此类区域进行地质调查能够取得很好的效果。本文以青岛沧口-温泉断裂带调查为实例,通过高密度电法和浅层地震方法的综合运用,来查明断裂带以及地下水在该区域的分布情况。     

氧化纤维素的制备研究

介绍了氧化纤维素 (DAC)的制备过程 ,用正交法探讨了以NaIO4 作氧化纤维素时反应温度、溶液pH值、氧化剂浓度、反应时间以及交互作用对DAC醛基含量的影响 ,找到了影响醛基含量的主要因素为反应温度、反应温度与NaIO4 的交互作用、反应温度与溶液 pH值的交互作用。初步确定了制备氧化纤维素的反应工艺 ,使醛基含量较高时的最佳反应条件为 :反应温度 3 5℃ ,反应时间 3h ,NaIO4 质量分数 6.78% ,pH值为 2时 ,醛基含量达 68.2 0 %。     

板裂状围岩下薄矿脉开采稳定性相似模拟试验研究

赣南某钨矿矿体上下盘岩体多为板岩,结构面发育且岩体破碎,在留矿法放矿过程中,上盘岩体暴露后在次生应力的影响下极易发生板裂状滑落或溃曲破坏,使得采幅难以控制。针对此问题,提出了普通留矿法、静态留矿法、散体人工矿柱+锚固留矿法3种回采方法。通过分析上下盘板裂状围岩随开采过程的位移变形情况,最终选择散体人工矿柱+锚固留矿法作为试验采场回采方法。基于正交试验原理,进行了相似材料配比试验,最终确定的材料配比为ω(沙)∶ω(石膏)∶ω(水)=5.0∶1.0∶1.2。相似模拟试验结果表明:采高较小时,锚杆支护对控制围岩的稳定是有效的,然而随着采高的增大,采场出现应力集中,锚杆逐渐失去了作用,因此仅对围岩进行锚固支护并不足以改善地压环境;散体人工矿柱+锚固留矿法利用人工矿柱减小了回采跨度,提高了整个采场的稳定性。对比模拟结果可知,其上下盘及顶板的位移量远小于其他2种回采方法。     

炭黑生产工艺的进展

介绍了较为成熟的炭黑生产工艺,讨论了其各自在工业应用方面的前景,并对近年来涌现出的一些具有可应用前景的工艺方法进行了简要评述,同时也归纳了近几年炭黑生产工艺的进展表现。     

测定水中Cd2+的电位型漆酚乙醛树脂传感器

报道了以湖北长阳出产的山漆为原料提取其中的漆酚,再与混有少量甲醛的乙醛溶液在碱性催化剂存在的条件下合成漆酚乙醛树脂,以此漆酚乙醛树脂为载体,研制了直接电位法测定水中镉离子的化学传感器。此传感器对Cd2 浓度在1.5×10-8~1.0×10-3mol/dm3的响应符合Nernst关系式,斜率为32.0 mV(30℃,pH 5.0),检测下限为2.0×10-7mol/dm3。传感器的选择性重观性和稳定性良好,响应迅速,使用寿命长。用此传感器测定了合成水样中的镉离子含量,回收率为99.3%~102.0%。     

三种骨灰瓷原料的制备与晶相结构

本实验采用牛、猪、羊三种骨头通过高温煅烧制备骨灰瓷原料。采用XRD和SEM方法表征三种骨灰料的晶相结构和显微结构。实验结果表明 :三种骨灰料经 14 0 0℃煅烧后均存在Ca1 0 (PO4 ) 6(OH) 2 、α -Ca3(PO4 ) 2 种晶相。在 132 0℃煅烧的三种骨灰料中 ,按牛、猪、羊顺序 ,Ca1 0 (PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2 含量分别为 87 2 %、89 1%、71 9% ;β-Ca3(PO4 ) 2 含量最高 ,其可塑性和成瓷性能好 ,从晶相上考虑选择羊骨为较佳的骨灰瓷原料。从白度和透光度上考虑选择牛骨为较佳原料。随着煅烧温度升高 ,三种骨头料的β-Ca3(PO4 ) 2 含量增加 ,羊骨和牛骨中的Ca1 0 (PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2 含量减少 ,而猪骨的Ca1 0(PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2 含量反而增加。因此煅烧温度升高对羊骨和牛骨有利 ,而对猪骨不利     

超分子化学与环糊精

超分子化学是上世纪八十年代末兴起的一门新兴边缘学科,它的发展为各个学科的研究和新技术、新材料的研发开拓了一个崭新的领域。环糊精是超分子化学的重要研究内容之一。本文对环糊精的来源和分子结构特点作了简单介绍,论述了环糊精及其衍生物任超分子化学领域中的地位和作用,显示出超分子化学及环糊精研究和应用的无限潜力。     

Synthesis and properties of new polymerized monomer reactants matrix resins of pyrrolone–benzimidazole copolymers containing pyridine unit

A series of new polymerized monomer reactants (PMR) matrix resins of poly(pyrrolone‐benzimidazole)s containing a pyridine unit (PPBP) were synthesized by polycondensation of monoethyl ester of cis‐5‐norbornene‐endo‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, 2,6‐diphenyl ester pyridinedicarboxylic acid or 3,5‐diphenyl ester pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and diethyl ester of 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic acid with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine in a mixing solution of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and N‐methylpyrrolidone under given temperature and pressure conditions. The resulting resin solutions showed good solubility in polar organic solvents and stability at room temperature. The corresponding PPBP matrix resin, molded powder, and molded plate were prepared by undergoing amidation, imidization, cyclization, and crosslinking reactions when the reaction temperature was increased from 80 to 350°C, successively; the crosslinking structure was formed by the reverse Diels–Alder reaction at 270–290°C under 50 MPa pressure (2.5–3.5 MPa displayed by the pressure meter). The chemical reactions and properties of the resulting PPBP were studied by means of FTIR, TGA, and DMA methods, and the results indicated that the kinds of PPBP materials retain excellent thermal stability and processability; when the initial decomposition temperature was above 620°C the T_g was at 413.5°C for 3,5‐PPBP‐20 molded plate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3981–3990, 2004     

Rheological properties of bitumen in water emulsions with added solids

Experimental work was carried out to investigate the rheological properties of bitumen in water emulsions containing solids of different shape and size. The bitumen volumetric concentration was varied up to 60%, solids free basis, and the solids volume fraction (total volume basis) was varied up to 0.2. Irregular-shaped silica sand (average diameter: 9 and 33 μm) and smooth spherical glass beads (average diameter: 27 and 44 μm) were used as the added solids. In the low shear stress range, shear thinning behavior was observed for bitumen in water emulsions. At high shear stress, the viscosity of the emulsions became fairly independent of the shear stress. The addition of solids to the bitumen emulsions increased the mixture viscosity. The addition of irregular-shaped silica sand gave a higher viscosity than a similar addition of the spherical glass beads. The viscosity of the emulsion/solids mixtures was influenced by the solids size as well; the smaller size particles gave a higher viscosity. The addition of solids to the bitumen emulsions also induced shear thickening (dilatancy) behavior at high solids volume fraction. The degree of the shear thickening increased with the oil concentration.