Variation in Malting Quality and Heat Resistance in the Malting Barley Variety “Alexis”

In earlier studies concerning vigour, where subsamples are heat‐treated before germination there was found heat‐sensitive as well as heat‐resistant barley samples. The vigour model developed by Ellis and Roberts and further developed at Carlsberg, could only describe the heat‐sensitive barleys. Seventeen samples of the “Alexis” variety grown widely in Europe were collected from the EBC trials in 1994 in order to see if heat resistance in barley was influenced by different growing conditions. We found both heat‐sensitive samples following the vigour model as well as pronounced heat‐resistant samples, but these were not divided according to growing conditions. The germination curves dependent on heat treatment and germination time were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Heat‐resistant barley samples could be differentiated from heat‐sensitive samples already after ½ h of heat treatment at 68°C (12% moisture) and after 3 days of germination. The barley samples were analysed with regard to malting quality. The PCA evaluation of the data divided the samples according to growing location, mainly due to differences in protein and β‐glucan. However, the malting analyses could not describe the differences in heat resistance and sensitivity of the barleys. The biochemical background of the heat resistance found is discussed on the basis of literature. Our findings should give an experimental basis for exploiting a biochemical principle for heat resistance, which is formed during grain filling and consumed during storage and germination.     

Effect of Particle Size on Monometallic and Bimetallic (Au,Pd)/C on the Liquid Phase Oxidation of Glycerol

The influence of metal particle size of monometallic and bimetallic supported catalysts (Au, Pd, Au–Pd)/C was studied using as a model reaction the liquid phase oxidation of glycerol. By tuning the metal particle size from 2 to 16 nm a progressive decrease of activity and simultaneously an increase in the selectivity to sodium glycerate was observed. Moreover, the influence of the temperature was studied and it was found that by increasing the temperature, only with a large particle size the formed glycerate was retained and not over-oxidized to tartronate.     

Adhesive Contact of a Membrane with a Hemispherical Indenter: Theoretical Analysis and Model Liquid System

The axisymmetric Laplace equation is solved numerically to extract contact-angle data for a flat liquid/vapor interface contacting a submerged hemispherical solid. The liquid/vapor interface is treated as a membrane, with a membrane tension equal to the surface energy of the liquid. By measuring the vertical displacement of the membrane and the projected contact area the membrane makes with the hemisphere, the contact angle and correspondingly the driving force for motion of the contact line can be measured. We show that characteristic receding and advancing contact angles can be obtained by measuring the contact radii formed upon initial contact between the interface and hemisphere and final contact just prior to detachment of the interface, respectively. Use of the technique is illustrated with a model experiment involving the contact of an air/water interface with a poly(methyl methacrylate) surface.     

The effect of partial substitution of nb for v on austenite grain size and hardness of a tool steel

In the present work, the composition of H- 13 tool steel was modified with respect to the vanadium content to include an addition of niobium to obtain improved austenite grain size control without altering the tempering response of the steel. Optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of extraction replicas showed that the new steel had a smaller austenite grain size and a finer carbide size distribution than the vanadium steel, which indicates a higher potential toughness.     

Lyapunov equation for infinite-dimensional discrete bilinear systems

Mean-square stability for discrete systems requires that uniform convergence is preserved between input and state correlation sequences. Such a convergence preserving property holds for an infinite-dimensional bilinear system if and only if the associate Lyapunov equation has a unique strictly positive solution.     

Characteristics of a NaOH-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Blended with a Fine Particle Silica Waste

Mortars of blast furnace slag blended with a geothermal silica waste at various replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were cured for up to 90 days. The binder was activated by 6 wt% Na₂O equivalent of sodium hydroxide. Lime was added as an activating agent and also to promote pozzolanic reaction with the silica. It was found that the presence of the silica waste increased the reactivity of the cementitious materials, as measured by means of nonevaporable water. The compressive strength was increased in the presence of the silica, except at the highest replacement level of 20%, the optimum silica replacement was that of 5%–10%. The microstructures of blended slag showed less porosity than those of neat slag mortars. The lime was completely consumed after 90 days of hydration.     

皇甫川流域水沙特性分析及其治理对策

作者对皇甫川流域从径流泥沙来源、水沙特性、水沙变化趋势等方面进行了较为深入地分析和研究，据此提出皇甫川流域近期治理方略是：以沟道坝系建设为切入点；积极推进林草植被建设；对砒砂岩地区实行大面积封禁治理。流域近期至2010年，治理的重点建议放在十里长川、沙圪堵至皇甫区间和沙圪堵以上的纳林川左岸。     

化工企业开展危害识别及风险评估的现状与对策

结合本公司建立与实施HSE管理体系实际，分析了企业开展危害识别与风险评估中常见的问题，提出了解决问题的初步方法。     

光纤码分多址技术在城域接入网中的应用

分析了光纤码分多址技术O -CDMA在城域接入网中的应用。回顾了O -CDMA技术的发展历史 ,详细地介绍了O -CDMA技术的特点 ,其具有的公平性、灵活性、网络控制管理、对服务区处理能力以及高的安全性使O -CDMA技术成为较好的城域接入网技术。阐述了目前在应用中O -CDMA存在的一些技术方面的问题     

滚子加工工艺分析及改进

对圆锥、圆柱滚子加工工序繁多的原因进行了深入的分析,并在此基础上,从多方面压缩了工艺留量。