Marvelous self-assembly of hierarchically nanostructured porous zirconium phosphate solid acids with high thermal stability

A hierarchical structure of thermally stable macroporous zirconium phosphate solid acids with supermicroporous walls was prepared by a simple self-assembly process from the precursors of zirconium propoxide and orthophosphoric acid solution. The macroporous structures are uniform with the diameters ranging from 300 to 800 nm, one-dimensional channel-like. The effect of surfactant Brij 56 on the formation of macroporous structures has been studied. The frameworks of the synthesized hierarchical zirconium phosphates are amorphous with Zr–O–P bonding, exhibiting remarkably high thermal stability (at least 800 °C), on the basis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Larger quantities of Zr–OH and P–OH groups are observed besides surface hydroxyl groups, suggesting the presence of acidity and the possibility of surface functionalization for practical applications including catalysis. The macroporous zirconium phosphates with hierarchical structures could also be the potential and efficient catalyst supports for the design of the structured catalysts and reactors.     

连续加压炔化反应合成脱氢芳樟醇

研究了以液氨为溶剂 ,在反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa的条件下 ,6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮连续加压乙炔化反应制备脱氢芳樟醇工艺 ,考察了反应时间、物料量比对反应的影响 ,并对反应机理作了初步探讨。实验表明 ,反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa ,n (6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮 )∶n (催化剂 )∶n(乙炔 )∶n(液氨 ) =7∶1∶5 1∶15 3,反应时间为 2 1h ,脱氢芳樟醇收率为 92 %～ 94 % ,产品经减压精馏后 ,脱氢芳樟醇质量分数大于 98%     

Composition and structure of triacylglycerols in brown adipose tissue of rats fed fish oil

This study examines the incorporation of highly unsaturated n−3 fatty acids (HUFA) into triacylglycerols (TAG) of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and their effect on the positional distribution of saturated (SFA) and of unsaturated (UFA) 16- or 18-carbon fatty acids. To this end, rats were fed a fish oil diet for up to four weeks. The stereospecific analysis of TAG was based on generation ofsn-1,2- andsn-2,3-acylglycerols by Grignard degradation, followed by synthesis of phosphatidic acid and specific hydrolysis with phospholipase A₂. From the end of the first week of fish oil feeding, a steady-state in the fatty acid composition of TAG in BAT was reached. HUFA concentration increased 30-fold, mainly at the expense of n−9 UFA and of SFA. The amount of SFA decreased selectively at position 3, where these fatty acids were progressively replaced by n−3 HUFA. By contrast, the amount of UFA decreased at all positions, and their positional distribution was not affected. About 60% of HUFA was incorporated at position 3. Nearly twice as much 22∶6n−3 was incorporated into TAG than had been previously observed in white adipose tissue (WAT) [Leray, C., Raclot, T., and Groscolas, R. (1993)Lipids 28, 279–284]. At the steady-state, the distribution of HUFA was characterized by high proportions of 22∶6n−3 and 20∶5n−3 in position 3. Moreover, in each position of TAG, a steady level was reached rapidly (within 1 wk). It is concluded that, during fish-oil feeding, fatty acids in TAG of BAT show characteristic time-course changes that lead to a characteristic composition and a tissue-specific positional distribution. This suggests that adipose tissue has its own specificity in controlling the build-up of TAG stores, which is likely to be regulated by the specificity of acylating enzymes as well as molecular rearrangements.     

Self-assembly and crystallization behavior of a double-crystalline polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer

The self-assembly and crystallization behavior of a well-defined low molecular weight polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PE-b-PEO) diblock copolymer was studied. The number-average degrees of polymerization for the PE and PEO blocks were 29 and 20, respectively. The molecular weight distribution was 1.04 as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. The PE-b-PEO sample exhibited two melting points at 28.7 and 97.4 °C for the PEO and the PE crystals, respectively. The crystallization of the PE blocks was unconfined, while the crystallization of the PEO blocks was confined between pre-existing PE crystalline lamellae, as demonstrated by simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies. In the fully crystalline state, both PE and PEO blocks formed extended-chain crystals with PE chains tilted ∼22° from the lamellar normal and PEO chains parallel to the lamellar normal, as evidenced by two-dimensional WAXD study of shear-oriented samples. Regardless of hydrogen bonding among hydroxyl chain ends in the PEO blocks, interdigitated, single-crystalline layer morphology was observed for both PE and PEO crystals. The partial crystalline morphology, where the PE crystallizes and the PEO is amorphous, had the same overall d-spacing as the fully crystalline morphology. A double-amorphous PEO layer sandwiched between neighboring PE crystalline layers was deduced based on a chain conformation study using Fourier transform infrared. The confined crystallization kinetics for PEO blocks was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which could be explained by a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. The slower crystallization rate in the PEO-block than the same molecular weight homopolymer was attributed to the effects of nanoconfinement and PEO chains tethered to the PE crystals.     

油田废水电解杀菌研究

采用电解杀菌技术处理油田废水，研究了电解时间、电流强度、极板间距以及电极联结方式等因素对废水中硫酸盐还原菌杀灭效果的影响。结果表明，油田废水经3min电解杀菌，硫酸盐还原菌杀灭率高达99．90％。随着电解时间的增加，硫酸盐还原菌的杀菌率进一步提高；电流强度增加，硫酸盐还原菌的杀灭率升高。在电流强度保持不变的情况下，随着极板间距增加，极板之间电压升高，更有利于杀灭硫酸盐还原菌。在极板间电流强度相同的条件下，两种电极联结方式的杀菌率差别不大，杀菌率均在99．9％以上。     

沉淀铁催化剂上F-T合成反应的研究

制备了物相组成为 Quartz- Si O2 ,Hermatite- Fe2 O3 和 Fe2 O3 - Iron Oxide的沉淀铁催化剂 ,研究了该催化剂作用上固定床积分反应器中费托合成反应特性 .发现 2 .6MPa,80 0 h-1,H2 /CO=2 /3,2 60℃～ 2 90℃时 ,随着温度的升高 ,CO和 H2 的转化率增大 ,CO2 选择性减小 ;40 0 h-1,65 0 h-1,80 0 h-1低空速和 2 4 0 0 h-1,32 0 0 h-1,40 0 0 h-1,640 0 h-1高空速时 ,随着空速的升高 ,H2转化率、CO转化率选择性下降 ,CO2 的选择性升高 ;2 80℃ ,2 .6MPa,H2 /CO进料比 2 /3,1 /1 ,2 /1时 ,随着 H2 /CO进料比的增加 ,CO转化率 ,H2 /CO利用比和 CH4选择性都增加 ,H2 转化率和 CO2选择性减小 .     

粘帚霉可湿性粉剂助剂的初步研究

可湿性粉剂是生物农药的重要剂型。通过平板培养法，测定菌落形成单位数（cfu值1，开展了可湿性粉剂多种常用助剂对高效生防真菌粉红粘帚霉67．1菌株孢子的生物学相容性研究。所试载体中，滑石粉等4种处理与对照没有显著性的差异，对粘帚霉孢子活力影响不明显；所试润湿分散剂中，木质素磺酸钙与对照没有显著性差异，对粘帚霉孢子活力影响不明显；所试紫外保护剂均对孢子活力无显著影响，但在紫外灯照射3min的条件下，只有腐植酸和糊精能有效保护孢子活力；常用稳定剂CMC—Na（羧甲基纤维素钠）对孢子活力无影响。上述多种与粘帚霉孢子具良好生物学相容性助剂的确定，为粘帚霉可湿性粉剂的研究提供重要依据。     

烟气轮机运行中动平衡破坏的原因分析及维护措施

对引发烟气轮机动平衡破坏的原因进行分析 ,并举例加以说明 ,进而提出了烟气轮机平稳运行的维护措施     

基于BPNN-PID的风电机组桨距控制分析

变桨控制技术是风力发电机组的核心技术之一,开展对风力发电机组变桨控制方面的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。根据风力发电机组在额定风速以上如何保持输出功率稳定和降低风轮转速波动的控制技术进行研究,在传统的变桨距控制策略基础上,提出了基于BP神经网络(Neural Network,NN)整定PID的控制策略,并在Matlab/simulink环境下对PID控制和BP神经网络控制相结合的复合控制系统进行建模与分析。对1.5MW风电机组的仿真验证了BPNN-PID算法的有效性,提出算法不仅能够解决传统PID控制器参数整定困难的问题,而且优化效率更高,可以得到优良的控制性能。     

生物滤料滤池处理姚江微污染水源水

通过中试试验,考察了不同滤料介质的生物滤池对于姚江微污染水源水的处理效果。结果表明,双层生物滤料滤池能够有效地去除有机物、氨氮等污染物质,可以延长滤池反冲洗周期,并能在短时间内恢复到正常处理能力,适合于传统滤池的改造。采用颗粒活性炭-石英砂滤料滤池的综合处理效果优于同类型的颗粒活性炭-沸石滤料滤池,通过加入少量臭氧(0.8～1.0mg/L)可以提高生物滤池的去除效果。