Ultra-Stable and Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Monocrystalline Perovskite Thin Films

The detection of ultraviolet (UV) radiation with effective performance and robust stability is essential to practical applications. Metal halide single-crystal perovskites (ABX₃) are promising next-generation materials for UV detection. The device performance of all-inorganic CsPbCl₃ photodetectors (PDs) is still limited by inner imperfection of crystals grown in solution. Here wafer-scale single-crystal CsPbCl₃ thin films are successfully grown by vapor-phase epitaxy method, and the as-constructed PDs under UV light illumination exhibit an ultralow dark current of 7.18 pA, ultrahigh ON/OFF ratio of ≈5.22 × 10⁵, competitive responsivity of 32.8 A W⁻¹, external quantum efficiency of 10867% and specific detectivity of 4.22 × 10¹² Jones. More importantly, they feature superb long-term stability toward moisture and oxygen within twenty-one months, good temperature tolerances at low and high temperatures. The ability of the photodetector arrays for excellent UV light imaging is further demonstrated.     

Comprehensively Strengthened Metal-Oxygen Bonds for Reversible Anionic Redox Reaction

Introducing anionic redox in layered oxides is an effective approach to breaking the capacity limit of conventional cationic redox. However, the anionic redox reaction generally suffers from excessive oxidation of lattice oxygen to O₂ and O₂ release, resulting in local structural deterioration and rapid capacity/voltage decay. Here, a Na_0.71Li_0.22Al_0.05Mn_0.73O₂ (NLAM) cathode material is developed by introducing Al³⁺ into the transition metal (TM) sites. Thanks to the strong Al–O bonding strength and small Al³⁺ radius, the TMO₂ skeleton and the holistic TM–O bonds in NLAM are comprehensively strengthened, which inhibits the excessive lattice oxygen oxidation. The obtained NLAM exhibits a high reversible capacity of 194.4 mAh g^-1 at 20 mA g^-1 and decent cyclability with 98.6% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 200 mA g⁻¹. In situ characterizations reveal that the NLAM experiences phase transitions with an intermediate OP4 phase during the charge–discharge. Theoretical calculations further confirm that the Al substitution strategy is beneficial for improving the overlap between Mn 3d and O 2p orbitals. This finding sheds light on the design of layered oxide cathodes with highly reversible anionic redox for sodium storage.     

跨模态表征与生成技术

多媒体数据持续呈现爆发式增长并显现出异源异构的特性,因此跨模态学习领域研究逐渐引起学术和工业界的关注。跨模态表征与生成是跨模态学习的两大核心基础问题。跨模态表征旨在利用多种模态之间的互补性剔除模态之间的冗余,从而获得更为有效的特征表示;跨模态生成则是基于模态之间的语义一致性,实现不同模态数据形式上的相互转换,有助于提高不同模态间的迁移能力。本文系统地分析了国际与国内近年来跨模态表征与生成领域的重要研究进展,包括传统跨模态表征学习、多模态大模型表示学习、图像到文本的跨模态转换和跨模态图像生成。其中,传统跨模态表征学习探讨了跨模态统一表征和跨模态协同表征,多模态大模型表示学习探讨了基于Transformer的模型研究,图像到文本的跨模态转换探讨了图像视频的语义描述、视频字幕语义分析和视觉问答等领域的发展,跨模态图像生成从不同模态信息的跨模态联合表示方法、图像的跨模态生成技术和基于预训练的特定域图像生成阐述了跨模态生成方面的进展。本文详细综述了上述各个子领域研究的挑战性,对比了国内外研究方面的进展情况,梳理了发展脉络和学术研究的前沿动态。最后,根据上述分析展望了跨模态表征与生成的发展趋势和突破口。     

面向 PDR 定位系统的多层感知机 IMU 阵列数据融合方法

为提高低成本惯性测量单元(intertial measurement unit,IMU)阵列的行人航位推算(pedestrian dead reckoning,PDR)定位 精度,首次提出了采用多层感知机(multi-layer perceptron,MLP)实现低成本 IMU 阵列数据融合的算法,通过将自主设计的 IMU 阵列和高精度 IMU 同步运动来获得 IMU 阵列的测量数据(包括三轴加速度和三轴角速度)和高精度 IMU 的测量数据,以高精 度 IMU 的测量数据作为标签,利用 MLP 将 IMU 阵列的测量数据融合,预测出物体的实际加速度和角速度,并用定位算法进行 验证。 在定位实验中,使用 MLP 融合后的预测数据的 PDR 定位精度比使用单个 IMU 测量数据的 PDR 定位精度提高了 33. 9%;比使用简单平均处理的 IMU 阵列测量数据的 PDR 定位精度提高了 20. 8%;比使用最小二乘法融合的 IMU 阵列测量数 据的 PDR 定位精度提高了 11. 6%,证明了本文所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

考虑连锁故障的覆冰灾害下输电线路脆弱性分析模型北大核心CSCD

虽然电网鲁棒性日益增强,但部分输电线路经过区域极易遭受覆冰灾害,导致该地区发生一次故障的概率大幅增加,而一次故障将会导致电网发生二次连锁故障。针对此问题,文中首先通过蒙特卡洛法判断覆冰灾害引发的输电线路一次故障脆弱性,然后通过自组织临界理论判断由一次故障引发的输电线路二次连锁故障脆弱性,从而建立综合考虑覆冰灾害和电网物理特性的输电线路脆弱性分析模型,以潜在事故链的形式展现了电网覆冰灾害下的故障演化进程,为运维人员甄别覆冰灾害下区域电网的输电线路薄弱环节提供重要决策依据。最后通过对IEEE-39节点电力系统实例进行仿真与分析,验证了所提出模型的可行性。     

Mesoporous NiS2 Nanospheres Anode with Pseudocapacitance for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery

It is of great importance to exploit electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with low cost, long life, and high‐rate capability. However, achieving quick charge and high power density is still a major challenge for most SIBs electrodes because of the sluggish sodiation kinetics. Herein, uniform and mesoporous NiS₂ nanospheres are synthesized via a facile one‐step polyvinylpyrrolidone assisted method. By controlling the voltage window, the mesoporous NiS₂ nanospheres present excellent electrochemical performance in SIBs. It delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 692 mA h g^?1. The NiS₂ anode also exhibits excellent high‐rate capability (253 mA h g^?1 at 5 A g^?1) and long‐term cycling performance (319 mA h g^?1 capacity remained even after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g^?1). A dominant pseudocapacitance contribution is identified and verified by kinetics analysis. In addition, the amorphization and conversion reactions during the electrochemical process of the mesoporous NiS₂ nanospheres is also investigated by in situ X‐ray diffraction. The impressive electrochemical performance reveals that the NiS₂ offers great potential toward the development of next generation large scale energy storage.     

Gold immunochromatographic sensor for the rapid detection of twenty-six sulfonamides in foods

A gold immunochromatographic sensor (GICS) was developed for the rapid detection of 26 sulfonamides in honey samples.The sensor was based on a group-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can recognize all 26 sulfonamides.Three haptens (hapten 1 with a thiazole ring,hapten 2 with a benzene ring,and hapten 3 with a straight carbon chain) were used for antigen preparation.With hybridoma technology,a group-specific mAb was screened with a 50％ maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against sulfathizole (STZ) and the other 25 analogues ranging from 0.08 to 90.18 ng/mL.Mono-dispersed gold nanoparticles were conjugated with the mAb to develop the lateral immunochromatographic strip.A labeled antibody concentration of 0.1 μg/mL and a coating antigen concentration of 0.2 μg/mL in the test line were chosen for strip preparation.Under optimized conditions,the visual limits of detection (vLOD) for the concentrations of STZ,sulfamethoxazole,sulfamethizole,sulfadiazine,sulfamerazine,sulfadimethoxine,sulfamonomethoxine,sulfameter,sulfamethoxypyridazine,and sulfachloropyridazine were 5,0.25,0.25,10,5,10,25,2.5,5,0.25,and 10 μg/kg,respectively.Scanner analysis in honey samples revealed good performance for detection of the 26 sulfonamides.Commercial honey samples were tested with the sensor and positive results were confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography.The proposed strip sensor provides a convenient method for the rapid and reliable determination of sulfonamides pollutants in honey samples.     

Gold nanoparticle-based paper sensor for ultrasensitive and multiple detection of 32 (fluoro)quinolones by one monoclonal antibody

For rapid and simultaneous detection of (fluoro)quinolones, a broadly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes 32 (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics was prepared using a mixture of a norfloxacin derivative and a sarfloxacin derivative as the hapten. An immunochromatographic strip based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was then assembled with goat anti-mouse antibody and antigen (sarfloxacin coupled to ovalbumin), used to form the C line and T line, respectively. This antigen competes with the (fluoro)quinolones in a sample incubated with mAbs labeled with AuNPs. The strip can detect 32 (fluoro)quinolones including oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, miloxacin, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, rosoxacin, cinoxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, lomfloxacin, enofloxacin, fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, dafloxacin, orbifloxacin, sparfloxacin, gemifloxacin, besifloxacin, balofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, ofloxacin, marbofloxacin, flumequine, pazufloxacin, prulifloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, trovafloxacin, and tosufloxacin in milk within 10 min with the naked eye. The cut-off values of the strip range from 1 to 100 ng/mL and the limits of detection are 0.1–10 ng/mL. The strip does not cross-react with antibiotics including tetracycline, sulfamethazine, ampicillin, erythromycin, aflatoxin B1, or gentamicin. In short, this immunochromatographic strip is a very useful tool for the primary screening of (fluoro)quinolones in milk.

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