基于振动特征的智能电缆防外破监测技术研究

电力电缆是城市输配电系统的重要组成成分,其运行状态关系着城市供电的可靠性。近年来,因施工、偷盗、改造引起的电缆外力破坏问题长期威胁电缆运行安全,但由于电缆分布广、运行环境复杂,目前缺乏有效的监测和预警方法,传统的在线监测系统因其改造成本和维护难度较大,且难以在城市电缆系统中实现主动预警。本文首先基于压电传感器研制了无线分布式的电缆外力扰动智能传感器,并对其数据处理、低功耗电源管理、取能单元以及物联网通讯方法进行了分析;通过典型外力激励下电缆振动试验,获得了电缆振动信号的时域特征和时频域特征,并提取了可用于外力扰动识别的特征参量,为建立基于物联网的分布式电缆防外破智能预警系统鉴定基础。     

Exploration of the oxygen transport behavior in non-precious metal catalyst-based cathode catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

High cost has undoubtedly become the biggest obstacle to the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), in which Pt-based catalysts employed in the cathodic catalyst layer (CCL) account for the major portion of the cost. Although non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) show appreciable activity and stability in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the performance of fuel cells based on NPMCs remains unsatisfactory compared to those using Pt-based CCL. Therefore, most studies on NPMC-based fuel cells focus on developing highly active catalysts rather than facilitating oxygen transport. In this work, the oxygen transport behavior in CCLs based on highly active Fe-N-C catalysts is comprehensively explored through the elaborate design of two types of membrane electrode structures, one containing low-Pt-based CCL and NPMC-based dummy catalyst layer (DCL) and the other containing only the NPMC-based CCL. Using Zn-N-C based DCLs of different thickness, the bulk oxygen transport resistance at the unit thickness in NPMC-based CCL was quantified via the limiting current method combined with linear fitting analysis. Then, the local and bulk resistances in NPMC-based CCLs were quantified via the limiting current method and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results show that the ratios of local and bulk oxygen transport resistances in NPMC-based CCL are 80% and 20%, respectively, and that an enhancement of local oxygen transport is critical to greatly improve the performance of NPMC-based PEMFCs. Furthermore, the activity of active sites per unit in NPMC-based CCLs was determined to be lower than that in the Pt-based CCL, thus explaining worse cell performance of NPMC-based membrane electrode assemblys (MEAs). It is believed that the development of NPMC-based PEMFCs should proceed not only through the design of catalysts with higher activity but also through the improvement of oxygen transport in the CCL.     

Achieving ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave absorption in high-entropy transition metal carbides (HE TMCs)

Electronic devices pervade everyday life,which has triggered severe electromagnetic(EM)wave pollution.To face this challenge,developing EM wave absorbers with ultra-broadband absorption capacity is critically required.Currently,nano-composite construction has been widely utilized to realize impedance match and broadband absorption.However,complex experimental procedures,limited thermal stability,and interior oxidation resistance are still unneglectable issues.Therefore,it is appealing to realize ultra-broadband EM wave absorption in single-phase materials with good stability.Aiming at this target,two high-entropy transition metal carbides(HE TMCs)including(Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C(HE TMC-2)and(Cr,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C(HE TMC-3)are designed and synthesized,of which the microwave absorption performance is investigated in comparison with previously reported(Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C(HE TMC-1).Due to the synergistic effects of dielectric and magnetic losses,HE TMC-2 and HE TMC-3 exhibit better impedance match and wider effective absorption bandwidth(EAB).In specific,the exclusion of Ti element in HE TMC-2 endows it optimal minimum reflection loss(RL_min)and EAB of−41.7 dB(2.11 mm,10.52 GHz)and 3.5 GHz(at 3.0 mm),respectively.Remarkably,the incorporation of Cr element in HE TMC-3 significantly improves the impedance match,thus realizing EAB of 10.5,9.2,and 13.9 GHz at 2,3,and 4 mm,respectively.The significance of this study lays on realizing ultra-broadband capacity in HE TMC-3(Cr,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta),demonstrating the effectiveness of high-entropy component design in tailoring the impedance match.     

利用电子围栏的特高压换流站人员运维安全管控

针对特高压换流站中人员运维安全以及设备运维智能化提出了相应的模型和系统。通过 UWB 电子围栏模式实现对相应设备以及人员运行的位置数据采集,采集定位数据实现人员位置信息、设备运行状态信息的进一步提取。提出了采用 TDOA 方法对位置坐标进行计算。分析了换流站的运维特征,并对所提出的位置坐标求解进行分析,将特高压换流站运维安全管控系统具体架构以及功能特点进行分析,最后在实际案例中验证了所提系统的有效性。     

小浪底水库大坝坝基渗漏影响分析

水库运行期间,坝体及坝基的渗漏不可避免,渗流对其稳定性影响较大,确定渗流量及主要渗漏部位尤显重要,以小浪底水库大坝为例,采用Feflow地下水数值模拟软件计算坝址区的地下水位,并与观测孔的实测水位进行拟合,反演获得坝址区各种材料的渗透参数值,并在此基础上,对坝基深厚覆盖层和断层等条件变化时的渗流量进行模拟预测。计算结果表明,坝基深厚覆盖层和断层对坝基的渗漏量影响明显,应加强坝基和断层的补强灌浆措施。     

全麻下单导丝引导Y型气道支架置入术治疗复杂气管疾病6例

【摘要】 目的 探讨在全身麻醉下采用单导丝引导Y型气道支架置入的方法和临床应用。方法 接受气道Y型支架治疗复杂气管疾病患者6例,其中气管胸膜瘘1例,食管-气管瘘2例,气道复合型狭窄3例。全身麻醉后在DSA监视下对6例患者置入气道Y型支架。结果 6例患者共置入Y型气道支架6枚,均为单导丝引导置入,其中1例支架右侧分支误入右肺上叶支气管内,余5例支架置入均一次获得成功。结论 全麻下Y型气道支架置入术能有效封堵支气管残端胸膜瘘、左主支气管食管瘘,能快速有效解除气管隆突区复合性气道狭窄,近期疗效显著,手术安全、可靠,单导丝引导置入技术操作相对于双导丝引导置入技术操作简单、快速有效、值得推广应用。     

肝细胞肝癌氩氦刀联合肝动脉介入治疗前后血清VEGF的变化

【摘要】 目的 比较单纯TACE和氩氦刀联合TACE 2种治疗方法对肝癌的治疗效果及对血清中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平影响的差别。方法 2013年8月—2014年8月,湖南省人民医院收治原发性肝癌患者50例,随机分为单纯TACE组（A组）和TACE联合氩氦刀冷冻消融组（B组）。观察两组治疗前后血清中VEGF含量的变化情况。结果 A组治疗前后血清VEGF含量上升,其治疗前后VEGF水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组治疗血清VEGF含量下降,其治疗前后VEGF比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组VEGF比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 从血清VEGF水平指标分析,TACE联合氩氦刀在抑制肿瘤血管生成方面的作用很可能优于单纯TACE组。     

基于桥臂虚拟电压的MMC-MG相间功率平衡控制策略

针对孤岛运行模块化多电平变流器半桥串联结构微电网（modular multilevel converter microgrid,MMC-MG）各相微源输出功率差异引起的三相功率不平衡问题,提出了一种相间功率平衡控制策略。介绍了MMC-MG基本拓扑结构以及三种相间功率传输模式,建立了系统三相输出功率数学模型,并阐述了采用环流直流分量控制相间功率传输的原理。设计了基于桥臂虚拟电压的环流直流分量控制器,并将其输出信号作为功率平衡控制量叠加于各桥臂调制信号以实现相间功率平衡。通过各相微源输出功率及负载功率得到环流直流分量参考值,并根据各相发电单元储能装置的荷电状态对其补偿。仿真及实验结果表明：所提出的控制策略能根据各相微源输出功率实现相间功率平衡,且对系统输出电压及频率没有影响;相比于普通三相微电网,MMC-MG可通过环流控制实现相间功率平衡,而无需额外的功率平衡设备。     

智能化含风电配电网多目标协同调度模型

由于风电场的随机不可控变量较多,难以达到理想调度效果,提出了智能化含风电配电网多目标协同调度模型。将经济性指标和电压偏差作为目标函数,确定机组潮流、响应速度、传输线路、出力以及爬坡指标的约束条件;在考虑风电场波动情况的基础上,利用PLSPP算法预测风电场的负荷及出力值,修正误差,制定不同时段下的机组出力计划,结合MIPSO算法得到协调度最高值,实现智能化协同调度模型的构建。仿真测试结果表明,所构建模型风电场预测曲线的拟合程度为99.6%,其最低日均费用为3.914 8 万元、日均电压偏差仅为23.514 7 pu,由此证明该模型可以在花费最低成本的前提下实现高效、精准的调度。     

分离燃尽风对贫煤锅炉CO和H2S生成特性的影响

以低氮燃烧改造后的某330 MW四角切圆贫煤锅炉为研究对象,采用数值模拟研究了300 MW负荷下分离燃尽风率对炉内燃烧速度场、温度场、CO体积分数场、O2体积分数场、H2S体积分数场及炉膛出口参数的影响,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比分析.结果 表明:分离燃尽风率对锅炉燃烧特性以及CO、H2S的生成特性具有重要影响;随着分离燃尽风率的增大,炉膛出口CO体积分数升高,出口NOx质量浓度降低;减小分离燃尽风率有利于抑制炉内高温腐蚀和结渣的发生;综合考虑锅炉运行安全性、经济性及NOx生成特性多种因素后,燃尽风率设置为25％较为合适.