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91.
B. Ma P.I. Djurovich S. Garon B. Alleyne M.E. Thompson 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(18):2438-2446
Efficient blue‐, green‐, and red‐light‐emitting organic diodes are fabricated using binuclear platinum complexes as phosphorescent dopants. The series of complexes used here have pyrazolate bridging ligands and the general formula C∧NPt(μ‐pz)2PtC∧N (where C∧N = 2‐(4′,6′‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C2′, pz = pyrazole ( 1 ), 3‐methyl‐5‐tert‐butylpyrazole ( 2 ), and 3,5‐bis(tert‐butyl)pyrazole ( 3 )). The Pt–Pt distance in the complexes, which decreases in the order 1 > 2 > 3 , solely determines the electroluminescence color of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Blue OLEDs fabricated using 8 % 1 doped into a 3,5‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) host have a quantum efficiency of 4.3 % at 120 Cd m–2, a brightness of 3900 Cd m–2 at 12 V, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.11, 0.24). Green and red OLEDs fabricated with 2 and 3 , respectively, also give high quantum efficiencies (~ 6.7 %), with CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.63) and (0.59, 0.46), respectively. The current‐density–voltage characteristics of devices made using dopants 2 and 3 indicate that hole trapping is enhanced by short Pt–Pt distances (< 3.1 Å). Blue electrophosphorescence is achieved by taking advantage of the binuclear molecular geometry in order to suppress dopant intermolecular interactions. No evidence of low‐energy emission from aggregate states is observed in OLEDs made with 50 % 1 doped into mCP. OLEDs made using 100 % 1 as an emissive layer display red luminescence, which is believed to originate from distorted complexes with compressed Pt–Pt separations located in defect sites within the neat film. White OLEDs are fabricated using 1 and 3 in three different device architectures, either with one or two dopants in dual emissive layers or both dopants in a single emissive layer. All the white OLEDs have high quantum efficiency (~ 5 %) and brightness (~ 600 Cd m–2 at 10 V). 相似文献
92.
93.
Using a corrected sum rule and a generalized virial identity, we study the analytical expression for entire modes of the collective elementary excitation spectrum in a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate at any atom number. Explicit analytical formulas for the spectrum are obtained for the harmonic traps with both spherical symmetry and axial symmetry using the gaussian approximation for the N-body ground-state wave function of the condensate. These formulas give the simple dependence of all energy levels on the atom numbers, their interaction strength and trap geometry parameters. 相似文献
94.
基于模式理论光栅椭偏参数反演的数值模拟 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
将一种广泛用于求解系统优化问题的方法——正单纯形法,求解光栅的椭偏方程。首先,利用求解光栅的傅立叶模式理论对TE和TM波的复反射系数进行求解。然后计算出其相应的椭偏参数(△,Ψ),并在该值的基础上加入不同偏差的随机高斯噪声,将加入噪声后的值(△m,Ψm)作为模拟测量值。最后使用优化算法进行反演。通过对几种常用面形光栅椭偏参数的数值模拟,一方面表明傅立叶模式理论计算光栅的椭偏参数不仅精度高。而且速度快;另一方面表明利用正单纯形法得到的光栅参数值很接近于正演时假设的参数值,从而从理论上证明了利用椭偏法测量光栅各种光学参数的可行性。 相似文献
95.
MnCl_2/活性炭催化合成正丁基氨基甲酸甲酯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对不同活性组分的筛选,开发出活性炭负载氯化锰(M nC l2/AC)催化剂,用于碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和正丁胺甲氧羰基化反应合成正丁基氨基甲酸甲酯(MBC)。考察了M nC l2负载量对M nC l2/AC催化剂催化性能的影响及反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和原料配比对反应的影响。实验结果表明,适宜的M nC l2负载量为0.2mm ol/g;适宜的反应条件为:n(DMC)∶n(正丁胺)=3,催化剂的质量分数为5%,反应温度80℃,反应时间7h。在此条件下,正丁胺能完全转化,MBC的收率达到96.5%。探讨了不同载体负载的M nC l2催化剂的催化性能,发现中性载体有利于甲氧羰基化反应。 相似文献
96.
X. Gong W. Ma J.C. Ostrowski K. Bechgaard G.C. Bazan A.J. Heeger S. Xiao D. Moses 《Advanced functional materials》2004,14(4):393-397
The electronic properties, carrier injection, and transport into poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO), PFO end‐capped with hole‐transporting moieties (HTM), PFO–HTM, and PFO end‐capped with electron‐transporting moieties (ETM), PFO–ETM, were investigated. The data demonstrate that charge injection and transport can be tuned by end‐capping with HTM and ETM, without significantly altering the electronic properties of the conjugated backbone. End‐capping with ETM resulted in more closely balanced charge injection and transport. Single‐layer electrophosphorescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), fabricated from PFO, PFO–HTM and PFO–ETM as hosts and tris[2,5‐bis‐2′‐(9′,9′‐dihexylfluorene)pyridine‐κ2NC3′]iridium(III ), Ir(HFP)3 as the guest, emitted red light with brightnesses of 2040 cd m–2, 1940 cd m–2 and 2490 cd m–2 at 290 mA cm–2 (16 V) and with luminance efficiencies of 1.4 cd A–1, 1.4 cd A–1 and 1.8 cd A–1 at 4.5 mA cm–2 for PFO, PFO–HTM, and PFO–ETM, respectively. 相似文献
97.
H-bond and conformations of donors and acceptors in model polyether based polyurethanes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The molecular mechanics (MM) method with COMPASS force field was used to study the H-bonds in the polyether based polyurethane model molecules. Availability of the calculation was firstly verified in comparison of some H-bonded model molecules, which were studied by using ab initio calculation, and those calculated by MM. Based on a urethane model molecule 1,3-dimethylcarbamate, which can be donor or acceptor and behaves in various conformations, it is reasonable to have a large number of H-bond interactions between various conformational donors and acceptors. For examining all the possible interaction patterns, we studied 57H-bond complexes. This systematic modeling covers well-known four types of interaction patterns, such as NH?OC (Type I), NH?O-CO (Type II), NH?NH (Type III), NH?COC (Type IV) in the system. Obtained H-bond energies were used to analyze the probabilities of the complexes. For the interaction within the hard segments, or Type I, Type II and Type III, a predominant H-bond complex has been found in the present study, which belongs to Type I. For the interaction between the hard segment and the soft segment, two conformations of Type IV were calculated to be existed. 相似文献
98.
A note on the Gauss-Jacobi quadrature formulae for singular integral equations of the second kind 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A fast and efficient numerical method based on the Gauss-Jacobi quadrature is described that is suitable for solving Fredholm
singular integral equations of the second kind that are frequently encountered in fracture and contact mechanics. Here we
concentrate on the case when the unknown function is singular at both ends of the interval. Quadrature formulae involve fixed
nodal points and provide exact results for polynomials of degree 2n − 1, where n is the number of nodes. Finally, an application of the method to a plane problem involving complete contact is presented. 相似文献
99.
100.
优化项目管理MIS系统方案设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
按照工程项目“五制”管理的要求 ,以规范管理和提升工程质量为系统开发的基础和前提 ,探索适合本行业使用的项目MIS系统设计方案 ,并对其功能模型、数据规划、构造处理模型、数学模型进行分析 相似文献