A novel method of shrimp blanching by CO2 heat pump: Quality,energy, and economy analysis

To reduce the energy consumption of the shrimp blanching process and improve the economic value of the blanched product, a transcritical CO₂ heat pump blanching system (THPB system) was designed in this paper. The trends of astaxanthin were investigated at atmospheric pressure near boiling temperature, combined with the color and structural properties of shrimp samples, and the optimal blanching times of 270 s and 240 s were obtained at 90°C and 95°C, respectively. In contrast to the fuel blanching system (FB system) at 100°C, the annual standard coal consumption of the THPB system with 90°C blanching is decreased by 79%, and the annual operating cost can be saved by CNY 63,800, with a payback period of about 3.13 years.Industrial relevanceBlanching is one of the effective ways to prolong the shelf life of shrimp. However, the research on the blanching time and temperature of shrimp is not comprehensive. In addition, the traditional fuel blanching process has high energy consumption and pollution, and can no longer meet the quality requirements of the modern food processing industry. Heat pump has been shown to have better performance in food drying, but it is less used in blanching. The information presented in this study may provide other insights into food processing.     

麻辣休闲食品的研制

对双螺杆蒸煮挤压机挤压面类麻辣休闲食品配方进行了研究。实验以小麦粉和大豆分离蛋白为蒸煮挤压产品的主要原料,利用正交设计方法将休闲麻辣食品的配方优化为：辣椒的添加量0.8%、孜然的添加量0.7%、麻椒的添加量为0.4%。     

1–MCP结合EA对蓝靛果贮藏品质及活性氧代谢的影响

目的 探究不同处理对贮藏0~60 d期间蓝靛果实贮藏品质及活性氧(ROS)代谢的影响,为蓝靛果贮藏保鲜提供技术依据。方法 以蓝靛果为实验材料,采后将其装入保鲜箱中,用1−甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、乙烯吸收剂(EA)、1-MCP+EA进行处理,在(−0.5±0.3)℃下贮藏60 d,每隔15 d取样观察果实的感官品质,并测定其营养、生理及活性氧代谢相关指标。结果 与对照组相比,3种处理方式均能保持果实较好的感官特性,延缓果实抗坏血酸、花色苷、总酚和黄酮等含量的流失,以及果实的软化;在贮藏60 d时,处理组果实的呼吸强度分别比对照组果实的呼吸强度低22.73、12.92、34.04 mg/(kg.h),乙烯生成速率分别比对照组果实的低6.38、3.98、10.11 μL/(kg.h);可抑制超氧阴离子(O2⁻.)活性、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、丙二醛含量及相对电导率的升高,保持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性。通过SPSS分析可知,综合得分顺序为CK＜EA＜1-MCP＜1-MCP+EA,表明1-MCP+EA处理的效果最好。结论 1-MCP+EA处理对蓝靛果贮藏60 d的保鲜效果最好,可更好地保留果实的外观和内在品质,利于运输和销售。     

村镇土地审批流程的动态构建

针对村镇土地流转业务复杂、审批处理流程标准不统一的问题,基于对象交换模型(OEM)提出一种动态数据管理方法,建立村镇土地审批流程数据结构的个性化动态定制,将审批流程数据的OEM表达映射为XML文档,开发村镇土地审批处理系统。应用结果表明,该系统实现的土地审批数字化处理和规划能辅助决策分析。     

Research on multi-robot open architecture of an intelligent CNC system based on parameter-driven technology

This paper presents a multi-robot open architecture of an intelligent computer numerical control (CNC) system based on parameter-driven technology that has been developed for flexible and high-efficiency manipulation. An open architecture control system capable of distributed processing of decision-making and extraction of task information provides a premise for intelligent control and flexible operation. Intelligent detection with database feedback based on real-time assignment of tasks is proposed to achieve dynamic modification of the processing trajectory. In the context of flexible task control, a multi-robot architecture with collision-free path planning and a novel programming approach based on parameter-driven technology are developed. The proposed CNC system has been successfully implemented and demonstrated on an H-beam steel-cutting task that requires flexible and accurate machining.     

水泵汽蚀防护措施的研究现状

介绍了水泵汽蚀现象、危害及影响因素,对水泵汽蚀防护的各种措施进行了阐述.     

Novel A-D-A type small molecules with β-alkynylated BODIPY flanks for bulk heterojunction solar cells

A serial of novel A-D-A type small molecules with BODIPY linked through alkynyl with various electron donor units such as fluorene, carbazole, benzodithiophene and phenothiazine, namely F-BDP, C-BDP, B-BDP and P-BDP, respectively, were designed and synthesized. Introducing the alkynyl bridge leads to extending the molecular absorption spectrum to the range of 320–700 nm with high molar extinction coefficients (10⁵ cm⁻¹ M⁻¹) and strong fluorescence quenching. The molecules showed relatively low HOMO ranging from −5.02 to −5.24 eV as estimated from cyclic voltammetry measurements. Interestingly, B-BDP with BDT as donor exhibits more obviously red-shifted absorption in the solid state compared to F-BDP, C-BDP and P-BDP. Furthermore, the solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell based on B-BDP/PC₇₁BM present superior charge transport property and more favorable nanoscale morphology, resulting in a significant higher J_sc of 11.84 mA cm² and FF than the other counterparts, thus achieved a higher PCE of 4.65%, which is one of the best values among the ever reported BODIPY based organic solar cells.     

Influence of pre-treatments on yield,chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Satureja montana extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide

Main objective of this work was to investigate the influence of pre-treatments of Satureja montana herbal material on supercritical extraction process, in terms: influence on extraction yield, composition and antioxidant activity of extracts. Four different pretreatments were investigated: water pre-treatment, ethanol pre-treatment, ultrasound and high pressure pre-treatment. Extraction yields were in the range from 1.68 to 2.35 g/100 g. Pre-treatments with water and ethanol increase the yield of extraction for 25% and 17%, respectively. According to GC/MS results the main compound of obtained extracts was carvacrol. Analyses confirmed that carvacrol content in extracts can be significantly increased by application of pre-treatments. Ultrasound pre-treatment and high pressure pre-treatment yielded highest concentration of carvacrol in extracts (around 66%). Using these two pre-treatments of herbal material, concentration of carvacrol, in extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, could be increased for around 25%. Antioxidant activity of all extract was very high and in the range of well-known antioxidants.     

Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed whey proteins in Saanen goat milk from different provinces in China using a data-independent acquisition technique

Whey proteins of Saanen goat milk samples from 3 provinces in China (Guangdong, GD; Inner Mongolia, IM; Shaanxi, SX) were characterized and compared using data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomics technique. A total of 550 proteins were quantified in all 3 samples. There were 44, 44, and 33 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) for GD versus IM, GD versus SX, and IM versus SX, respectively. Gene ontology annotation analysis showed that the largest number of DEP for the 3 comparisons were as follows: for biological processes: response to progesterone, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process, and negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation; for molecular functions: antioxidant activity, binding, and peroxiredoxin activity; and for cellular components: the same category of extracellular regions for the 3 comparisons, respectively. Pathways for the DEP of 3 comparisons were (1) disease; (2) synthesis and metabolism; and (3) synthesis, degradation, and metabolism. Protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that DEP for GD versus SX had the most interactions.     

Controlled whey protein aggregates to modulate the texture of fat-free set-type yoghurts

The impact of nanoparticulated whey protein aggregates on the texture of fat-free set-type yoghurts was investigated. Monodisperse (MFA) and polydisperse (PFA) fractal aggregates obtained from heated whey protein isolate (WPI) were added to skimmed milk for yoghurt manufacture at four different concentrations (0.2%–1.5%, w/w). The impact of the concentration and the polydispersity of the aggregates on fat-free set-type yoghurts were studied by instrumental measurements (rheology, penetrometry, syneresis and microscopy) and sensory analysis. Yoghurt gel strength and firmness increased with the concentration of WPI, MFA and PFA. However, yoghurts enriched with PFA clearly differed from the yoghurts enriched with WPI. Indeed, yoghurts enriched with PFA were characterised by a weak gel, a low firmness and a low-density of the protein network. Sensory analysis confirmed the results obtained by instrumental measurements. The whey protein aggregates studied are thus promising tools to modulate fat-free yoghurt texture while using milk-derived ingredients.