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To reduce the energy consumption of the shrimp blanching process and improve the economic value of the blanched product, a transcritical CO2 heat pump blanching system (THPB system) was designed in this paper. The trends of astaxanthin were investigated at atmospheric pressure near boiling temperature, combined with the color and structural properties of shrimp samples, and the optimal blanching times of 270 s and 240 s were obtained at 90°C and 95°C, respectively. In contrast to the fuel blanching system (FB system) at 100°C, the annual standard coal consumption of the THPB system with 90°C blanching is decreased by 79%, and the annual operating cost can be saved by CNY 63,800, with a payback period of about 3.13 years.Industrial relevanceBlanching is one of the effective ways to prolong the shelf life of shrimp. However, the research on the blanching time and temperature of shrimp is not comprehensive. In addition, the traditional fuel blanching process has high energy consumption and pollution, and can no longer meet the quality requirements of the modern food processing industry. Heat pump has been shown to have better performance in food drying, but it is less used in blanching. The information presented in this study may provide other insights into food processing. 相似文献
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Novel organic hybrid silver thiostannates [Hen]4[Ln(en)4]2[Ag6Sn6S20]·3en (Ln = Er, 1; Tm, 2; Yb, 3) were prepared by the reactions of Ln2O3, Ag, Sn and S in ethylenediamine (en) under solvothermal conditions. Six SnS4 tetrahedra and six AgS3 triangles are connected into the heterometallic sulfide cluster [Ag6Sn6S20]10 − via edge-sharing. In the [Ag6Sn6S20]10 − cluster, a hexanuclear Ag6S6 core is enclosed by two Sn3S10 fragments. The Ag6S6 core is the first As–S cluster stabilized by inorganic SnS4 ligands. In 1–3, all Ln3 + ions are in 8-fold coordination environments that involved four bidentate en ligands, forming bicapped trigonal prisms. Compounds 1–3 show well-defined absorption edges with band gaps in the range of 2.18–2.47 eV. 相似文献
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Specialized varieties of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) may be an eligible feedstock for advanced biofuel designation under the USA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. These non-food industrial beets could double ethanol production per hectare compared to alternative feedstocks. A mixed-integer mathematical programming model was constructed to determine the breakeven price of ethanol produced from industrial beets, and to determine the optimal size and biorefinery location. The model, based on limited field data, evaluates Southern Plains beet production in a 3-year crop rotation, and beet harvest, transportation, and processing. The optimal strategy depends critically on several assumptions including a just-in-time harvest and delivery system that remains to be tested in field trials. Based on a wet beet to ethanol conversion rate of 110 dm3 Mg−1 and capital cost of 128 M$ for a 152 dam3 y−1 biorefinery, the estimated breakeven ethanol price was 507 $ m−3. The average breakeven production cost of corn (Zea mays L.) grain ethanol ranged from 430 to 552 $ m−3 based on average net corn feedstock cost of 254 and 396 $ m−3 in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The estimated net beet ethanol delivered cost of 207 $ m−3 was lower than the average net corn feedstock cost of 254–396$ m−3 in 2013 and 2014. If for a mature industry, the cost to process beets was equal to the cost to process corn, the beet breakeven ethanol price would be $387 m-3 (587 $ m−3 gasoline equivalent). 相似文献
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Noriyuki Wada Jyoji Hanai Mikiya Furukawa Kazuo Kojima 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2019,102(8):4621-4631
To make a Mn2+-doped red glass phosphor that can be excited with ultraviolet (UV) light of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), 60P2O5-35ZnO-5Al2O3-8MnO-xCu2O glasses (x = 0-1.00) were prepared by a melt-quenching method at 1200-1400°C for 30-180 minutes in atmospheric air, and the redox of Mn and Cu as well as fluorescence properties were investigated. The Mn2+ ion was not reduced and oxidized in the melting, quenching, and annealing processes. The valence of Cu in the glasses changed in the order of 0, 1+, and 2+ with the increase in the amount of Cu2O and in the melting temperature and time. In this study, a 60P2O5-35ZnO-5Al2O3-8MnO-0.10Cu2O glass melted at 1250°C for 90 minutes, having the highest Cu+ concentration, showed the strongest Mn2+ red fluorescence under the UV light at 275 nm. This strong Mn2+ red fluorescence has been caused by the energy transfer from excited Cu+ ions to Mn2+ ions. 相似文献
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《Journal of Great Lakes research》2022,48(3):645-658
Rip currents near coastal structures commonly occur in Lake Michigan in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Lack of timely warning due to undocumented characteristics of rip currents and no assessment tool can contribute to tragic drownings incidents. In this paper, we characterized rip current occurrences near breakwater structures and developed an assessment tool for providing timely rip current warnings to beachgoers at the study site, City of Port Washington, WI. Characteristics of rip currents near the structure were observed from field measurements or visual images. Deflection rip currents had speeds of ~ 0.2 m/s and lasted for several hours. The rip current occurrences were associated with environmental proxies. It was found that rip currents can occur even when the water appears calm near the structure. A Structure Rip Checklist and Assessment Matrix (SRiCAM) with a four-tiered risk was developed and validated using observations. Furthermore, the SRiCAM was integrated into cyberinfrastructure with a data contingency plan to provide real-time warnings to the public. The applicability of the SRiCAM to other locations across Lake Michigan was further tested and results are promising. Overall, the SRiCAM has the potential to be widely extended to foster recreational water safety and resilience to rip current hazards in the Great Lakes. 相似文献
9.
Efficient hydrogen production for industry and electricity storage via high-temperature electrolysis
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(35):19089-19101
The paper describes the development status of Sunfire's reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) technology. Here, Sunfire is a pioneer in the field of high-temperature electrolysers (HTE) for renewable hydrogen production which can be operated as a fuel cell for power generation in a reverse mode. The maturity of the technology is improved stepwise so that first applications in the field of hydrogen production for industry and electricity storage can be tackled. Three application examples where larger scale prototype has been installed will be discussed: 1) A power-to-power electricity storage based on hydrogen, 2) a RSOC unit that is installed in an iron and steel works, and 3) a pressurized SOEC prototype which will be integrated with a methanation unit. Results show the potentials of the technology in connection with fluctuating renewable energy sources. 相似文献
10.
Correlation between instrumental texture and colour quality attributes with sensory analysis of selected cheeses as affected by fat contents
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A. Półtorak J. Wyrwisz M. Moczkowska M. Marcinkowska‐Lesiak A. Stelmasiak U. Ulanicka M. Zalewska A. Wierzbicka Da‐Wen Sun 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(4):999-1008
This study evaluated several physical and sensory parameters of different types of cheese available in the Polish market. The measurements of textural properties were conducted in an Instron universal testing machine, while the colour properties of cheeses were measured using a Minolta chromameter. The chemical composition was determined by means of the near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRs). Moreover, a trained sensory panel was invited to assess the cheese texture‐related properties. Generally, cheeses with reduced fat content were characterised by higher hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and elasticity. Texture‐related parameters of cheese with canola oil were comparable to that of most of full‐fat cheeses. The correlation analysis between physical and sensory attributes related to cheese textural properties indicated the potential applications of TPA, shear and penetration tests (r = 0.766, r = 0.75 and r = 0.765, respectively) for the evaluation of sensory properties related to the hardness. Meanwhile, the elasticity of cheese obtained from sensory evaluation was strongly correlated with the elasticity determined from the shear test (r = 0.722) and moderately correlated with the elasticity from penetration test (r = 0.588), indicating a need to refine the method of penetration test. In addition, cheeses exhibited higher meltability during convection heating at 230 °C than microwave heating. The values of meltability for cheese with reduced fat content were lower than those of full‐fat cheese. 相似文献