考虑随机风压场非高斯特性的大跨度膜屋盖风振响应

作用于大跨度膜屋盖结构上的随机风压场在统计意义上由高斯和非高斯区域构成。基于零记忆非线性转化法理论,提出了这种混合随机风压场的模拟方法,算例表明,生成的随机风压场样本能准确描述实验数据的各项统计特性。将生成的样本和利用传统方法生成的高斯随机风压样本作用于某膜屋盖结构,经风振时域分析后发现,高斯随机风压激励下结构部分构件的响应值比非高斯随机风压激励下的响应值低,这表明,随机风压荷载的非高斯特性不容忽视。文章还给出了结构不同构件的整体风振响应系数。     

Optimal design of passive viscous damping systems for buildings under seismic excitation

Nowadays, it is known that through the use of energy dissipation devices, the seismic performance of buildings can be improved. However, for efficiency and structural safety, the locations and sizes of these devices need to be properly defined. In this work, a procedure to optimally define the damping coefficients of added linear viscous dampers to meet an expected level of performance on buildings under seismic excitation is proposed. The performance criterion is expressed in terms of a maximum interstory drift, which is one of the most important limitations provided by the seismic design codes. For a given level of performance, the effectiveness of the damper distribution obtained by means of different objective functions is also assessed. Knowing that the main contribution to the total uncertainty is due to the excitation and with the aim of achieving robust results, the most appropriate approach to model the excitation is through a stationary stochastic process characterized by a power spectral density compatible with the response spectrum defined by the seismic design code. Accordingly, the structural response is obtained in the frequency domain. Through numerical examples, on planar and three-dimensional steel buildings with coupled lateral and torsional vibrations, the proposed procedure is verified.     

GA-fuzzy control of smart base isolated benchmark building using supervisory control technique

The effectiveness of a supervisory fuzzy control technique for reduction of seismic response of a smart base isolation system is investigated in this study. To this end, a first generation, base isolated, benchmark building is employed for numerical simulation. The benchmark structure under consideration has eight stories and an irregular plan. Furthermore it is equipped with low damping elastomeric bearings and magnetorheological (MR) dampers for seismic protection. The proposed control technique employs a hierarchical structure of fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) consisting of two lower-level controllers (sub-FLC) and a higher-level supervisory controller. One sub-FLC has been optimized for near-fault earthquakes and the other sub-FLC is well-suited for far-fault earthquakes. These sub-FLCs are optimized by use of a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Four objectives, i.e. reduction of peak superstructure acceleration, peak isolation system deformation, RMS superstructure acceleration and RMS isolation system deformation are used in a multi-objective optimization process. When an earthquake is applied to the benchmark building, each of the sub-FLCs provides different command voltages for the semi-active controllers and the supervisory fuzzy controller appropriately combines the two command voltages based on a fuzzy inference system in real time. Results from numerical simulations demonstrate that isolation system deformation as well as superstructure responses can be effectively reduced using the proposed supervisory fuzzy control technique in comparison with a sample clipped optimal controller.     

Damage evaluation of 500 MWe Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor nuclear containment for aircraft impact

Safety assessment of Indian nuclear containments has been carried out for aircraft impact. The loading time history for Boeing and Airbus categories of aircrafts is generated based on the principle of momentum transfer of crushable aircrafts. The case studies include the analysis of BWR Mark III containment as a benchmark problem and analyses of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor containment (inner and outer containment) for impulsive loading due to aircraft impact. Initially, the load is applied on outer containment wall model and subsequently the load is transferred to inner containment after the local perforation of the outer containment wall is noticed in the transient simulation. The analysis methodology evolved in the present work would be useful for studying the behavior of double containment walls and multi barrier structural configurations for aircraft impact with higher energies. The present analysis illustrates that with the provision of double containments for Indian nuclear power plants, adequate reserve strength is available for the case of an extremely low probability event of missile impact generated due to the commercial aircrafts operated in India.     

GLOBAL DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ‘STEELQUAKE’ STRUCTURE USING MODAL DATA

This paper deals with the important question of structural safety after extreme loadings like an earthquake. The structure investigated here is the so-called ‘Steelquake’ benchmark structure, a two-storey building which was subjected by an artificial seismic loading causing cracks at three locations. The aim of the method is the identification of multiple damage. It is based on the changes of the measured eigenfrequencies and normal modes before and after the pseudo-seismic event. The measured changes of the modal quantities and the physical structural changes are linked together by means of a computational model. This leads to an inverse problem. Four different model-based approaches are discussed and applied to the benchmark structure. The ability of these approaches to find the damage is investigated and it is shown that all three cracks could be identified.     

基于材料非线性的结构抗震性能评价方法

利用基于材料非线性的精细化有限元模型,根据混凝土损伤和钢材等效塑性变形得到了结构材料、构件、楼层、整体结构的损坏等级并研究了将其作为抗震性能指标的合理性。为进一步丰富结构抗震性能评价指标,给出了楼层非线性耗能、整体结构的非线附加阻尼比、刚度退化系数的计算方法。将上述计算和评价方法在完全自主研发的非线性显式动力有限元分析软件SAUSAGE中完成开发。利用SAUSAGE分析了某超高层框架-剪力墙结构在7组地震动不同强度作用下的非线性动力响应。讨论了材料应力、截面内力、损伤、等效塑性应变作为抗震性能评价的可行性。对比了不同强度地震作用下结构层间位移角、层间剪力退化系数、楼层非线性耗能、楼层损坏等级作为楼层抗震性能指标并判断结构薄弱楼层的差异。研究了最大层间位移角、基底剪力退化系数、非线性附加阻尼比、刚度退化系数、损坏等级作为结构整体评价指标的合理性及对地震动的离散性;从统计意义上分析了最大层间位移角和其他指标的相互关系。     

饱和层状地基条形基础动刚度的精细积分算法

采用基于积分变换、对偶方程和精细积分的算法求解饱和多层地基条形基础的动刚度问题。利用Fourier积分变换得到Biot多孔饱和介质波动方程在频域-波数域内的常微分方程,引入广义对偶变量,对二阶常微分波动方程进行降阶处理;针对地表自由排水和封闭排水边界条件,给出了适于精细积分算法的矩阵表达;对控制方程采用精细积分解答,得到波数域内的格林函数,对结果进行逆Fourier积分变换,得到空间域的力和位移关系;施加边界条件,最终得到刚性条形基础的动刚度的解答。通过与文献已有结果进行对比,验证了精细积分算法的准确性。最后计算两组算例,分别分析了表面薄层的孔隙率、渗透力阻尼系数对条形基础动刚度的影响。     

基于加速度二次协方差矩阵参数变化比法的环境振动下结构损伤识别

在白噪声环境激励下,结构加速度响应的自相关/互相关函数构成一个新的二次协方差（CoC）矩阵,组成这一协方差矩阵的元素经证明是结构模态参数（频率、振型、阻尼）的函数;与提取模态参数的一般损伤识别方法相比,二次协方差矩阵包含结构振动的更多和更高阶模态信息。本文利用结构损伤前和损伤后的二次协方差（CoC）矩阵参数的变化比,对只基于振动输出的、环境振动下的结构进行损伤识别。对一个七层框架结构模型进行了数值模拟,首先对不同噪声程度、不同损伤位置和程度的损伤结构进行损伤定位,再结合模型修正法,对结构损伤程度进行识别,展示了该方法的有效性。     

复振型叠加方法合理振型数量的确定

针对适用于非经典阻尼体系的复振型叠加方法,基于理论推导,得到了评价振型贡献程度的复振型质量参与系数,并给出了两种等效的表达形式,可作为评估非经典阻尼系统所需振型数量的一种方法。同时,根据复振型退化为实振型的条件(即实部与虚部成比例关系),论证了实、复振型质量参与系数法的统一性。实、复振型质量参与系数基于相同的原理和假定,具有相同的物理意义,易于工程设计人员掌握和使用。采用典型的减隔震系统数值算例和安装黏滞阻尼器的9层钢结构Benchmark模型对复振型质量参与系数方法进行了验证,结果表明该方法能够有效估计所需振型数量。但是由于实、复振型质量参与系数法是基于基底剪力推导而得到,当用于评估加速度响应所需振型时,其数量往往偏小。