宝钢不锈带钢酸洗工艺及废水处理

以宝钢为例,对不同材质的热、冷轧不锈钢带钢提出酸洗工艺流程和设计参数,概述不锈钢各种酸洗方法的酸洗机理,介绍不锈钢酸洗后的废水处理方法。     

中厚板角轧宽展技术的研发与应用

分析了宝钢湛江中厚板厂产品结构;为提高产能和宽展工艺的生产效率,针对小展宽比轧制,提出一种新型中厚板柔性宽展轧制工艺—角轧宽展工艺。开发了角轧宽展工艺的计算模型和自动控制系统;为了验证角轧工艺的可行性和理论模型的设定精度,在宝钢湛江4 300 mm中厚板厂开展了角轧工艺工业生产试验研究,并对试验钢板几何尺寸和设备力能参数进行了实测和分析。生产表明,角轧宽展工艺能够提高宽展轧制的生产效率、降低宽展轧制的轧制力和扭矩,有利于延长设备寿命;角轧宽展控制系统具有较高的控制精度,宽展能力满足中厚板小宽展比的生产需求。     

厚规格调质高强度船板心部冲击不合格原因分析

为找出厚规格调质高强度船板心部冲击不合格的原因,通过光谱仪、显微镜、SEM EDS能谱仪等仪器,对心部试样的成分、组织进行分析,结果表明：心部冲击不合格的原因是中心偏析带上存在大尺寸MnS夹杂与Nb、Ti的夹杂物,以及较多Al2O3夹杂和Mg、Ca等外来夹杂物。分析认为,通过提高钢水洁净度,避免钢水二次氧化污染,控制钢包炉(LF)精炼周期与操作,降低钢水过热度,优化电磁搅拌和轻压下工艺,采用堆垛缓冷等措施,可以提高铸坯内部质量,减少中心偏析和夹杂,同时通过适当优化铸坯加热、轧制及热处理工艺,可以有效提高心部冲击韧性。     

60Si2Mn弹簧钢的断裂失效分析

60Si2Mn弹簧钢在正常服役过程中出现断裂,断裂后部分原件损失,根据材料力学原理,并结合断口特征,确定断裂起源位置;采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、体视显微镜、直读光谱仪等对残留端口的显微组织、宏微观断口形貌和化学成分等进行观察和检测分析,以确定断口起源和断口特征。结果表明:由于生产过程操作不当,弹簧表面存在微裂纹,同时由于喷丸处理的工艺不恰当,造成弹簧表面形成较深的应力线,应力线发展成为沿应力线的开裂和脱落。这些微裂纹、开裂以及脱落,作为弹簧的疲劳断裂源,造成了弹簧的断裂。     

Achieving the best glass former in a binary Gd–Co alloy system

In this work, the best glass former in a binary Gd–Co alloy system has been designed by thermodynamic parameter γ^⁎, which has been proved to be valid in the prediction of glass forming ability (GFA) of other binary alloys. A metastable phase has been observed in some Gd–Co melt-spun ribbons and its composition has been ascertained. By analyzing the effect of the metastable phase on the GFA of the Gd–Co binary alloys, we predict the Gd₅₀Co₅₀ alloy as the best glass former in the binary alloy system. The prediction has been confirmed by the experimental results, proving the validity of the parameter γ^⁎ in the Gd–Co binary alloys.     

New approach to low thermal conductivity of thermal barrier protection with improved mechanical integrity

Layered ceramic systems with designed stacks of dense and porous layers were investigated as alternative for thermal barrier protection system (TBPs). This approach gives the possibility to obtain low thermal conductivity with the impact protection of dense external layers whilst maintaining the relatively high mechanical properties. Different stacking configurations have been proposed utilizing in total a combination of up to 30 dense/porous layers. Porous layers were produced with two different nominal porosities 20 vol% and 40 vol%. For comparison uni-axial pressed samples with the same porosity level have been prepared. Thermal and mechanical characterization was performed on samples of tape cast (with different stacking designs) and uni-axial pressed fully stabilized zirconia TBPs. The layered fully stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) has 15–30 % lower thermal conductivity in comparison with the uni-axial pressed samples, nevertheless by the same Young`s modulus value. The results of the thermal and mechanical observation shows, that such an approach can be beneficial as an alternative for future thermal barrier protection systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of Work Hardening and Dynamic Softening Behavior of low carbon alloy Steel Based on the Flow Stress

In this study, the constitutive equation and DRX(Dynamic recrystallization) model of Nuclear Pressure Vessel Material 20MnNiMo steel were established to study the work hardening and dynamic softening behavior based on the flow behavior, which was investigated by hot compression experiment at temperature of 950 °C, 1050 °C, 1150 °C and 1250 °C with strain rate of 0.01 s⁻¹, 0.1 s⁻¹ and 10 s⁻¹ on a thermo-mechanical simulator THE RMECMASTOR-Z. The critical conditions for the occurence of dynamic recrystallization were determined based on the strain hardening rate curves of 20MnNiMo steel. Then the model of volume fraction of DRX was established to analyze the DRX behavior based on flow curves. At last, the strain rate sensitivity and activation volume V^* of 20MnNiMo steel were calculated to discuss the mechanisms of work hardening and dynamic softening during the hot forming process. The results show that the volume fraction of DRX is lower with the higher value of Z (Zener–Hollomon parameter), which indicated that the DRX fraction curves can accurately predicte the DRX behavior of 20MnNiMo steel. The storage and annihilation of dislocation at off-equilibrium saturation situation is the main reason that the strain has significant effects on SRS(Strain rate sensitivity) at the low strain rate of 0.01 s⁻¹ and 0.1 s⁻¹. While, the effects of temperature on the SRS are caused by the uniformity of microstructure distribution. And the cross-slip caused by dislocation piled up which beyond the grain boundaries or obstacles is related to the low activation volume under the high Z deformation conditions. Otherwise, the coarsening of DRX grains is the main reason for the high activation volume at low Z under the same strain conditions.     

Surface nanocrystallization of Ni3Al by surface mechanical attrition treatment

The mechanical property and microstructure evolutions of Ni₃Al intermetallic compound subjected to surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) were investigated in relation to surface nanocrystalization. Grain size in topmost surface of SMATed Ni₃Al alloy was refined to a minimum size of about 10 nm, and then increased with the enhancement of the depth from surface to matrix. The original ordered L1₂ phase transformed to Ni (Al) solid solution with a disordered face-centered cubic structure. The maximum nanohardness of the deformed Ni₃Al alloy was near 12 GPa. The microstructure evolution including the variation of defects during the SMAT as well as post-annealing processes showed that the surface nanocrystallization of Ni₃Al intermetallic compound was predominantly controlled by dislocations which divided the coarse grains. The different microstructures at each sublayer illustrated that the nanocrystallization process was decided by the accumulated energy resulted from plastic strain.     

Study on softening melting characteristics of iron bearing material in oxygen blast furnace

The softening melting characteristics of sinter, pellet and mixed ore in oxygen blast furnace and traditional blast furnace were studied by using load softening and dropping equipment. It is found that, compared with the traditional blast furnace under the softening starting temperature of sinter, pellet, and their mixture decreases, the softening ending temperature increases in oxygen blast furnace atmosphere. Under the condition of oxygen blast furnace, the dropping temperature of sinter decreases, the dropping temperature of pellets and their mixture increases, and dropping zone becomes narrow and even disappears. Through the analysis of the data of the soft melting process, it is found that the mixed ore has a certain interaction effect in the oxygen blast furnace atmosphere, which improves the gas permeability of the charge.