Robust visual tracking via CAMShift and structural local sparse appearance model

This paper addresses issues in visual tracking where videos contain object intersections, pose changes, occlusions, illumination changes, motion blur, and similar color distributed background. We apply the structural local sparse representation method to analyze the background region around the target. After that, we reduce the probability of prominent features in the background and add new information to the target model. In addition, a weighted search method is proposed to search the best candidate target region. To a certain extent, the weighted search method solves the local optimization problem. The proposed scheme, designed to track single human through complex scenarios from videos, has been tested on some video sequences. Several existing tracking methods are applied to the same videos and the corresponding results are compared. Experimental results show that the proposed tracking scheme demonstrates a very promising performance in terms of robustness to occlusions, appearance changes, and similar color distributed background.     

Recent Advances in Fiber Supercapacitors: Materials,Device Configurations,and Applications

Fiber supercapacitors (SCs), with their small size and weight, excellent flexibility and deformability, and high capacitance and power density, are recognized as one of the most robust power supplies available for wearable electronics. They can be woven into breathable textiles or integrated into different functional materials to fit curved surfaces for use in day-to-day life. A comprehensive review on recent important development and progress in fiber SCs is provided, with respect to the active electrode materials, device configurations, functions, integrations. Active electrode materials based on different electrochemical mechanisms and intended to improve performance including carbon-based materials, metal oxides, and hybrid composites, are first summarized. The three main types of fiber SCs, namely parallel, twist, and coaxial structures, are then discussed, followed by the exploration of some functions including stretchability and self-healing. Miniaturized integration of fiber SCs to obtain flexible energy fibers and integrated sensing systems is also discussed. Finally, a short conclusion is made, combining with comments on the current challenges and potential solutions in this field.     

Engineering Biofunctional Enzyme-Mimics for Catalytic Therapeutics and Diagnostics

The applications of nanomaterial-based enzyme-mimics (Enz-Ms) in biocatalytically therapeutic and diagnostic fields have attracted extensive attention. The regulation of the biocatalytic performances and biofunctionalities of Enz-Ms are essential research objectives, including the rational design and synthesis of Enz-Ms with desired biofunctional molecules and nanostructures, especially at the level of molecules and even single atoms. Here, this timely progress report provides pivotal advances and comments on recent researches on engineering biofunctional Enz-Ms (BF/Enz-Ms), particularly chemical synthesis, functionalization strategies, and integration of diverse enzyme-mimetic catalytic activities of BF/Enz-Ms. First, the definitions and catalogs of BF/Enz-Ms are briefly introduced. Then, detailed comments and discussions are provided on the fabrication protocols, biocatalytic properties, and therapeutic/diagnostic applications of engineered BF/Enz-Ms via hydrogels, nanogels, metal–organic frameworks, metal–polyphenol networks, covalent–organic frameworks, functional cell membranes, bioactive molecules and polymers, and composites. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges on BF/Enz-Ms are outlined and thoroughly discussed. It is believed that this progress report will give a chemical and material overview on the state-of-the-art designing principles of BF/Enz-Ms, thus further promoting their future developments and prosperities for a wide range of applications.     

荧光显微镜观察银杏内酯B对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的：建立一种简便、快速的细胞凋亡检测方法，探讨银杏内酯B（GB）对心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法：体外培养大鼠心肌细胞，利用荧光显微镜观察经Hoeehst 33258染色的心肌细胞，记录凋亡细胞核形态学改变并计算凋亡百分率。结果：H2O2可诱导心肌细胞发生凋亡，与H2O2组相比，GB组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率明显降低，并有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：银杏内酯B对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

Novel monoclonal antibody-based sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid immunochromatographic strip for detecting aflatoxin M1 in milk

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is specific to AFM1 was generated from the hybridoma cell line, 10F3C10, which was obtained by the fusion of mouse NS1 myeloma cells with the spleen cells of mouse that had been immunized with AFM1-bovine serum albumin (BSA). The 10F3C10 mAb is belong to the immunoglobulin G1 isotype. Both competitive direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to characterize the mAb for AFM1. The concentrations of AFM1, AFB1 and AFG1 that caused 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) of the binding of AFM1-horseradish peroxidase (AFM1-HRP) to the antibody were found to be 0.022, 0.310 and 2.12 ng/mL, respectively. The immunochromatographic strip (immunostrip) assay with mAb-gold nanoparticle conjugates as a detection marker exhibited a visual limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL for AFM1 and the analysis took a total of 10 min. Closely examining 17 milk-based samples using cdELISA revealed that four were slightly contaminated with AFM1 at concentrations from 0.002 to 0.054 ng/mL. All milk samples were negative in the immunostrip test because the levels of contaminant were below the detection limit of the strip. Notably, the presented cdELISA and immunostrip methods are highly sensitive methods for detecting AFM1 in milk.     

~(11)C标记雷氯必利合成效率的影响因素

本文以11 C-Triflate-CH3为甲基化试剂,使用国产模块PET-CM-3H-IT-I合成11 C标记化合物雷氯必利(11 C-Raclopride),研究其合成过程中的碱量、溶剂、反应温度、前体量及产品淋洗条件对合成效率的影响,优化11 C-Raclopride的合成条件。优化后的合成条件为:以0.2mL丙酮为溶剂,前体浓度1.5~3.0g/L,反应温度为室温(25℃),碱量0.30~1.25eq,11 C-Raclopride的合成效率(64.82±4.74)%(n=46,以11 C-Triflate-CH3计校正效率),产品的放化纯度大于97%,比活度为(423.61±13.43)GBq/g,从收集11 C-CO2至得到11 C-Raclopride终产品的总合成时间为23 min,产量(6.9±0.87)GBq(n=46)。通过优化合成工艺,实现了稳定性和重复性良好的全自动化合成11C-Raclopride,且产品满足临床使用需要。     

阿莫西林与庆大霉素或奈替米星联合应用PAE的比较

目的 阿莫西林(AMPC)与庆大霉素(GM)或奈替米星(NTL)联合应用抗生素后效应(PAE)的比较。方法 应用光密度法测定PAE。结果 AMPC单用时对金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌有较长的PAE,对大肠埃希氏菌PAE甚小;GM和NTL单用对G'球菌的PAE亦很明显,对大肠埃希氏菌PAE稍短,但比单用AMPC要长。NTL的PAE比GM长,可能与受试菌对NTL敏感性高于GM有关。三种药物PAE均有随药物浓度增加而延长的趋势。AMPC与4倍MIC的GM或NTL联用时对受试菌的PAE均呈协同或相加效应;对G⁺球菌的联合PAE比G^-杆菌明显延长;AMPC与NTL的联合PAE长于与GM联合的PAE。结论 AMPC与GM或NTL联用时延长给药间隔,仍可维持强大的抗菌活性,减轻不良反应,AMPC与NTL联用优于与GM联用。     

6种β-内酰胺类抗生素对G-杆菌的PAE 特点

目的 对比研究6 种β^-内酰胺类抗菌药物泰宁(TIN)、卡贝宁(CBN)、哌拉西林(PIP)、美洛西林(MZL)、头孢哌酮(CPZ)和头孢地嗪(CDZM)对2 种G^-杆菌大肠埃希氏菌和绿脓假单胞菌的抗生素后效应(PAE)。方法 采用AVANTAGE 全自动分析仪, 应用光密度法测定PAE。结果与结论 美洛西林对大肠埃希氏菌的PAE 为负值或零, 对绿脓假单胞菌的PAE很小, 仅在4MIC 时PAE 达1h 左右;哌拉西林对大肠埃希氏菌和绿脓假单胞菌的PAE 均很小, 即使在4MIC 时PAE 也仅有0.3h 左右。在4MIC 以下时, PAE 与浓度依赖性不甚明显。头孢哌酮和头孢地嗪除了在4MIC 时对大肠埃希氏菌的PAE 可达1h 外, 其余PAE 均很短,甚至没有, 但随着抗菌药物浓度的增加, PAE 显著增加(P<0.05), 呈现部分浓度依赖性, 提示在较高浓度下可望产生相对明显的PAE。一般β^-内酰胺类抗菌药物对G^-杆菌PAE 较小,而泰宁和卡贝宁则较长。泰宁和卡贝宁的PAE 要显著长于其它4 种抗菌药物(P<0.05), 两药对大肠埃希氏菌和绿脓假单胞菌的PAE 均可达到1~3h, 同时卡贝宁的PA E 要显著长于泰宁。即使在1 倍MIC 时, PAE 亦显著长于其它4 种药物, 而在4 倍MIC 时则更长。两药对G^-杆菌的PAE 在1/2 至4 倍MIC 浓度间呈显著的浓度依赖性。提示泰宁和卡贝宁可能具有与其它β^-内酰胺类抗菌药物不同的PAE 产生机理。     

索拉非尼治疗中晚期肝癌预后因素分析

【摘要】 目的 探索索拉非尼治疗中晚期肝癌患者的预后影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2010年2月至2015年6月经病理证实或临床影像诊断,并符合巴塞罗那肝癌分期（BCLC）标准的中晚期肝细胞癌患者38例,口服索拉非尼,400 mg/次,2次/d,每4～6周根据mRECIST标准进行肿瘤应答的评价,并记录不良反应的发生情况,按美国国立癌症研究所常见不良反应分级标准3.0版评估药物毒性。结果 38例患者中1例服药2周后发生肝性脑病停药,37例患者中14例患者出现不同程度胰腺萎缩（阳性组）,中位无疾病进展时间（mPFS） 9.0个月,中位总生存时间（mOS）25.8个月;23例患者未出现胰腺萎缩（阴性组）,中位无疾病进展时间（mPFS） 3.3个月,中位总生存时间（mOS）8.4个月,两组mOS比较P<0.001,两组mPFS比较P＝0.025,均有统计学意义。主要不良反应为手足皮肤反应、腹泻、乏力、体重下降,均经对症处理后缓解,无严重不良反应发生。结论 索拉非尼的疗效与胰腺萎缩呈一定相关性,出现严重腹泻并发胰腺萎缩的患者可获得较长的生存时间和疾病稳定状态。

     

正常角膜和圆锥角膜的特征提取

基于角膜测量仪器Corvis ST采集的图像视频,提出提取新特征参数以便准确区分正常角膜和圆锥角膜。首先对图像进行滤波、分割等预处理,检测角膜上下边界,并计算前角膜曲率值;用小波变换分析角膜曲率变化,获取与角膜运动趋势相关的特征,包括角膜运动的整体趋势和角膜振动的范数和标准差。然后,基于均方误差最小化法,提取特征参数,构建最优参数。最后,用支持向量机(SVM)对正常角膜和圆锥角膜进行分类。从频率的角度实施的实验显示角膜在基本运动趋势上存在着振动过程。此外,提出的参数优于形变幅度(DA)、峰值距离(PD)等传统参数,使准确度、灵敏度和特异性分别提高了10.2%,5.7%和6.9%。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积为0.948,接近于1。结果显示本文方法自动提取的特征参数可提高正常角膜和圆锥角膜区分的准确性,对临床诊断有辅助作用。