Predicting the dynamic behavior of asphalt concrete using three-dimensional discrete element method

A user-defined three-dimensional(3D)discrete element model was presented to predict the dynamic modulus and phase angle of asphalt concrete(AC).The 3D discrete element method(DEM)model of AC was constructed employing a user-defined computer program developed using the "Fish" language in PFC3D.Important microstructural features of AC were modeled,including aggregate gradation,air voids and mastic.The irregular shape of aggregate particle was modeled using a clump of spheres.The developed model was validated through comparing with experimental measurements and then used to simulate the cyclic uniaxial compression test,based on which the dynamic modulus and phase angle were calculated from the output stress-strain relationship.The effects of air void content,aggregate stiffness and volumetric fraction on AC modulus were further investigated.The experimental results show that the 3D DEM model is able to accurately predict both dynamic modulus and phase angle of AC across a range of temperature and loading frequencies.The user-defined 3D model also demonstrated significant improvement over the general existing two-dimensional models.     

大跨度桥梁各态历经脉动风场的数值模拟分析

基于本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)的谱表示法,结合大跨度桥梁脉动风场的特点,推导出一种以互谱密度矩阵为POD对象的脉动风场模拟简化公式.采用以能量评判为准则的误差精确公式,对特征值合理截断阶数进行估计.引入双索引频率,实现了模拟样本的各态历经性.采用快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)对算法加速,给出了简化模拟公式在FFT算法下的具体表达式,便于程序编制.利用该法模拟了一座大跨度铁路连续刚构桥的主梁脉动风场,所得样本自功率谱和互功率谱均与目标谱吻合良好,验证了该方法的有效性和正确性.对算法的合成速度进行了分析,指出控制算法速度的关键在于矩阵的正交分解.     

SRC-RC转换柱型钢延伸高度的试验与研究

完成了12根SRC-RC转换柱试件和1根钢筋混凝土柱对比试件的低周反复荷载试验,对具有不同型钢延伸高度转换柱试件的抗震性能进行了研究。对比研究了不同型钢延伸高度转换柱试件的骨架曲线,分析了延性、承载能力、耗能能力及强度退化率随型钢延伸高度的变化情况。转换柱试件的位移延性系数随着型钢延伸高度的增加呈现出先升后降的规律,型钢延伸高度达到3/5倍的柱高时位移延性系数达到最大值;型钢的延伸高度对承载能力影响不大;影响转换柱试件耗能能力的因素较多,且各因素之间尚有耦合关系,3/5倍的柱高是较为合理的型钢延伸高度,此时试件的耗能能力较好且刚度和强度均保持了一定的稳定性;随着型钢延伸高度的增加,型钢与混凝土之间的粘结问题越突出,粘结裂缝的不稳定发展不但导致粘结破坏,而且使强度的稳定性越来越差,试件的强度退化率越来越小。     

Vehicle actuation based short-term traffic flow prediction model for signalized intersections

Traffic flow prediction is an important component for real-time traffic-adaptive signal control in urban arterial networks. By exploring available detector and signal controller information from neighboring intersections, a dynamic data-driven flow prediction model was developed. The model consists of two prediction components based on the signal states (red or green) for each movement at an upstream intersection. The characteristics of each signal state were carefully examined and the corresponding travel time from the upstream intersection to the approach in question at the downstream intersection was predicted. With an online turning proportion estimation method, along with the predicted travel times, the anticipated vehicle arrivals can be forecasted at the downstream intersection. The model performance was tested at a set of two signalized intersections located in the city of Gainesville, Florida, USA, using the CORSIM microscopic simulation package. Analysis results show that the model agrees well with empirical arrival data measured at 10 s intervals within an acceptable range of 10%–20%, and show a normal distribution. It is reasonably believed that the model has potential applicability for use in truly proactive real-time traffic adaptive signal control systems.     

粘土对聚羧酸减水剂性能的影响及机理研究

粘土作为杂质存在于混凝土的组分如砂石中,粘土对聚羧酸减水剂有较强的吸附性,从而影响混凝土的工作性。研究了不同粘土对掺聚羧酸减水剂的水泥浆体及砂浆流动性的影响规律,探讨了聚羧酸减水剂与粘土的相互作用机理。研究结果表明,不同粘土对水泥浆体的流动性有不同程度的影响,蒙脱土和膨润土相对于高岭土及筛分土对砂浆的流动性影响更为显著;同时,相对于不掺聚羧酸的砂浆,粘土对掺聚羧酸减水剂砂浆的流动性影响更为显著。粘土自身的吸附性与疏水基的定向吸附共同作用及粘土中的金属离子与聚羧酸的螯合作用可能是粘土吸附聚羧酸减水剂的机理。     

大跨径混凝土箱梁桥有效温度与应变的实测分析

基于苏通大桥辅助航道桥运营期两年内实测的温度、气象和应变数据,对混凝土箱梁的有效温度与应变进行了分析。结果表明:箱梁的尺寸越小,有效温度变化的范围越大,设计基准期为100年的墩顶梁和跨中箱梁的有效温度范围分别为(-4.3℃,37.3℃)和(-6.1℃,42.2℃);大气前3天的最高(低)平均温度与箱梁有效温度的相关性系数高达0.97,通过回归分析得到的箱梁有效温度与大气前3天平均最高(低)温度的关系式,可用来对箱梁有效温度进行预测。最后提出了修正混凝土收缩、徐变效应的方法,并使用箱梁有效温度对主墩墩底混凝土的竖向相对应变和支座截面箱梁顶板混凝土的纵向相对应变进行了预测。     

双向粉喷桩处理海相软土室内外强度对比分析

针对江苏连云港地区海相软土具有的软黏土及高黏粒含量的固有特点,通过室内水泥土配合比试验和土工基本物理力学特性试验,现场采用多功能RCPTU补勘试验和成桩施工结束28 d后进行全长取芯样,标准贯入试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、电阻率测试。试验结果表明,双向粉喷桩较常规(单向)粉喷桩搅拌更加均匀,可增强下部桩体强度,提高成桩质量,具有良好的工程强度特性。     

Evaluation of surface textures and skid resistance of pervious concrete pavement

Surface textures had long been recognized as primary factors to provide the skid resistance on pavements; however, no measurement of skid resistance on pervious concrete pavement with various surface texture parameters had been made. Fractal geometry was introduced in the present work to accurately simulate transect contour curves of pervious concrete specimens through fractal interpolation. It is proved that its fractal dimension (D) can be adopted to measure the skid resistance on pervious concrete pavement, overcoming the shortcomings of both macrotexture depth (DT ) and British portable pendulum number (NBP). Combined with Fujikawa-Koike tire/road contact model, the optimization method of all surface textures was recommended for designing and constructing excellently skid-resistant and noise-absorptive pervious concrete pavement. In addition, evaluating of the abrasion process and attenuation of the surface textures on concrete pavement slabs was also the focus of this work based on accelerated abrasion test. Results show that the surface textures on pervious concrete pavement slabs is extremely durable, compared to those on conventional grooved or exposed aggregate concrete pavement slabs.     

珠江三角洲软土物理力学性质对比分析

通过大量的软土物理力学试验和微观结构分析,结合前人的研究成果,分析了珠江三角洲软土的沉积环境、微观结构、矿物成分,解释了珠江三角洲超软土的形成和工程特性差的渊源.总结了三角洲洲内不同地区软土的分布规律和物理力学性质指标特征,对比分析了珠江三角洲地区软土与国内其他沿海地区软土工程特性的主要差异,可为本地区工程建设提供一定理论依据和参考.