Z型Ag2CO3/BiOCl异质结光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化机理分析

通过溶剂热法制备BiOCl纳米片,共沉淀法制备Ag_(2)CO_(3)和复合催化剂Ag_(2)CO_(3)/BiOCl,研究各材料可见光催化降解罗丹明B的效果,确定Ag_(2)CO_(3)与BiOCl的最佳配比,并通过表征分析复合材料的结构和异质结光催化降解机理。结果表明,当Ag_(2)CO_(3)与BiOCl的质量比为50%时,Ag_(2)CO_(3)/BiOCl异质结催化剂的可见光催化效率最高,其一级动力学反应速率常数是BiOCl和Ag_(2)CO_(3)的6.79和12.58倍。紫外可见漫反射分析证明,Ag_(2)CO_(3)的加入使Ag_(2)CO_(3)/BiOCl对可见光的吸收增加,拓宽了光响应范围。XPS价带谱证明,调控后的BiOCl纳米片能带位置上移。通过自由基捕获实验和电子顺磁共振(ESR)证明,其主要活性物种是·O^(-)_(2)、h^(+)和·OH,从而推断Ag_(2)CO_(3)与BiOCl构成Z型异质结,相比Ⅱ型异质结拥有较高的氧化还原能力,可充分利用水中的溶解氧(O_(2))和OH^(-),大大提升了光催化效率。     

配电网容错故障处理关键技术研究

为实现非健全信息条件下的配电网容错故障处理,提出了一种基于贝叶斯分析的方法,利用多相故障信息的相关性进行容错故障定位;针对永久性故障下的架空配电网,将重合闸过程中的故障信息进行融合得出更加准确的故障定位结果;在故障定位与隔离有误的情况下,融合恢复供电过程中的故障信息再次进行故障定位,并对故障处理结果进行修正控制。基于上述原理,提出了一个容错故障处理流程。结合3个实例进行了详细说明,结果表明所提出的方法在故障信息误报或漏报的情况下都具有容错能力,有助于最大限度地恢复健全区域供电。     

微型光纤光栅土压力传感器量程及其过载能力分析研究

为定量分析压力传感器的测量量程及其过载能力,提出一种微型光纤光栅土压力传感器并构建其气压标定系统。对微型光纤光栅土压力传感器进行理论分析得其灵敏度为7.5 nm/MPa,测量量程可达1.06 MPa。而分析光纤光栅土压力传感器性能测试数据得:该传感器压力灵敏度为5.9 nm/MP,线性度为99.93%,可测量实际量程为225 kPa,过载能力上限值为300 kPa。研究结果可用于指导设计规定量程的光纤光栅土压力传感器,具备一定应用价值。     

Humidity‐Responsive Single‐Nanoparticle‐Layer Plasmonic Films

2D materials possess many interesting properties, and have shown great application potentials. In this work, the development of humidity‐responsive, 2D plasmonic nanostructures with switchable chromogenic properties upon wetting–dewetting transitions is reported. By exploiting DNA hybridization‐directed anchoring of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on substrates, a series of single‐nanoparticle‐layer (SNL) plasmonic films is fabricated. Due to the collective plasmonic responses in SNL, these ultrathin 2D films display rapid and reversible red‐blue color change upon the wetting–dewetting transition, suggesting that hydration‐induced microscopic plasmonic coupling between AuNPs is replicated in the macroscopic, centimeter‐scale films. It is also found that hydration finely tunes the electric field distribution between AuNPs in the SNL film, based on which responsive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrates with spatially homogeneous hot spots are developed. Thus it is expected that DNA‐mediated 2D SNL structures open new avenues for designing miniaturized plasmonic nanodevices with various applications.     

碳酸二甲酯和乙醇酯交换合成碳酸二乙酯工艺研究

碳酸二乙酯分子结构中含有活性基团乙氧基和羰基,化学性质活泼,是一种重要的有机合成中间体、溶剂和性能优良的燃料添加剂,在化工领域具有很高的应用价值。以碳酸二甲酯和乙醇为原料,甲醇钠为催化剂,通过酯交换反应合成碳酸二乙酯。气相色谱分析表明,在酯与醇物质的量比1∶20、催化剂用量为碳酸二甲酯质量的1.0%、反应温度78 ℃和反应时间1 h条件下,碳酸二甲酯转化率达99%,碳酸二乙酯和碳酸甲乙酯选择性分别为86%和14%。     

High performance lead-free piezoelectric 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)NbO3-0.03[Bi0.5(Na0.7K0.2Li0.1)0.5]ZrO3-0.01(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 single crystals grown by solid state crystal growth and their phase relations

0.96(K_0.48Na_0.52)NbO₃-0.03[Bi_0.5(Na_0.7K_0.2Li_0.1)_0.5]ZrO₃-0.01(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ single crystals were grown for the first time by the solid state crystal growth method, using [001] or [110]-oriented KTaO₃ seed crystals. The grown single crystal shows a dielectric constant of 2720 and polarization-electric field loops of a lossy normal ferroelectric, with P_r = 45 μC/cm² and E_c = 14.9 kV/cm, while the polycrystalline samples with a dielectric constant of 828 were too leaky for P-E measurement due to humidity effects. The single crystal has orthorhombic symmetry at room temperature. Dielectric permittivity peaks at 26 °C and 311 °C, respectively, are attributed to rhombohedral-orthorhombic and tetragonal–cubic phase transitions. Additionally, Raman scattering shows the presence of an orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition at ∼150 °C, which is not indicated in the permittivity curves but by the loss tangent anomalies. A transition around 700 °C in the high temperature dc conductivity is suggested to be a ferroelastic-paraelastic transition.     

一种新的基于链码特征的图像检索算法

在分析采用Freeman链码进行形状描述的基础上,提出了两种链码空间分布特征的提取算法:链码分布矢量及链码相关矢量,同时对这两种方法的尺度、旋转、平移不变性进行了分析和验证;针对两种算法,分别设计了有效的相似性度量策略;最后结合链码直方图进行图像检索.由于该方法在进行图像检索时既考虑了链码的统计特征又包含了其空间分布特性,因此取得了比传统方法更好的检索效果,试验结果也证明了该算法的有效性.     

速度脉冲地震作用下偏心结构的弹塑性抗震研究

研究速度脉冲地震下,刚度偏心、强度偏心和两者组合偏心体系的弹塑性抗震需求。基于新开发的变轴力-双向弯曲模型,选取8条速度脉冲地震记录,进行了强速度脉冲地震效应和偏心布置双重不利条件下单层RC框架结构的弹塑性动力时程分析,讨论了结构的延性、位移、扭矩和扭转角变化规律。结果表明,偏心结构在速度脉冲工况下比在非速度脉冲工况下有更大的弹塑性抗震需求;刚度偏心对结构弹塑性抗震需求不敏感,强度偏心对弹塑性抗震需求的影响最为显著,组合偏心的影响介于两者之间。随强度偏心率增大,弱侧延性需求呈非线性急剧增大,最大达到对称结构延性需求的3.09倍,位移、扭矩和扭转角也迅速增大,偏心率为0.2时扭转角为偏心率为0.05时的6.4倍;建议偏心结构弹塑性分析时宜增加强度偏心作为基本参数,并考虑速度脉冲地震效应。     

Effects of ECAP and Aging on Mechanical and Superelastic Behaviors of Ti-Mo-Based and Ti-25at.%Nb SMAs

Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) are increasingly recognized as promising functional materials for medical applications. The mechanical properties of these metastable Ti-based SMAs are sensitive to aging and thermomechanical treatment. Effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD)-equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and aging on superelastic behavior of Ni-free Ti-based SMAs, Ti-9.8Mo-3.9Nb-2V-3.1Al?wt.% (TMNVA) and Ti-25at.%Nb, have been investigated. The results show that the yielding strength of TMNVA alloy increases sharply with the number of ECAP processes??to greater than 1,400?MPa after two passes ECAP??but elongation of TMNVA alloy decreases severely and the plasticity is lost completely after two passes ECAP. Both ECAP process and flash annealing treatment have weak contribution to the superelastic recoverable strains of Ti-Mo-based alloy. For Ti-25at.%Nb alloy, after one pass ECAP process at 400?°C, the yielding stress increases obviously, and the recovery strain increases a little. With the further increase in the number of ECAP processes, the yielding stress and the recovery strain change little. Aging treatment at low temperature after ECAP process is in favor of superelasticity of Ti-25at.%Nb alloy. An almost completely recoverable strain of 1.5% is obtained in Ti-25at.%Nb alloy after two passes ECAP and aging at 300?°C for 1?h. The mechanisms of the effects of SPD and aging are also discussed.