Eco-friendly tape casting of borosilicate glass/Al2O3 sheets for LTCC applications

This work reports the innovative development of a borosilicate glass/Al₂O₃ tape for LTCC applications using an eco-friendly aqueous tape casting slurry. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were the respective dispersants, while carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene acrylic emulsion (SA) were the respective binders. The results showed that PVP was more suitable than PAA as the dispersant for the aqueous casting slurry, and that 1.5 wt% PVP would achieve well dispersion of CABS glass/Al₂O₃ powder in the aqueous slurry. Moreover, a small amount of 2.0 wt% CMC binder could yield smooth CABS glass/Al₂O₃ tapes crack free. A high-quality CABS glass/Al₂O₃ tape with a smooth surface was made from an aqueous slurry containing 1.5 wt% PVP dispersant, 2.0 wt% CMC binder, and 2.0 wt% PEG-400 plasticizer. The density, tensile strength, and surface roughness of the green tape were 2.05 g/cm³, 0.87 MPa, and 148 nm, respectively. The resulting CABS glass/Al₂O₃ composites sintered at 875 °C exhibited a bulk density of 3.14 g/cm³, a dielectric constant of 8.09, a dielectric loss of 1.0 × 10^?3, a flexural strength of 213 MPa, a thermal expansion coefficient of 5.30 ppm/^°C, and a thermal conductivity of 3.2 W m^?1 K^?1, thus demonstrating its broad prospects in LTCC applications.     

Effects of corrosion in liquid fluoride salt on the tensile strength of domestic SiC fibers

The relationship between the tensile strength of corroded domestic second-generation (2ed-gen) SiC fibers at various temperatures for 500 h in 46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42.0KF (mol. %) eutectic salt and the typical microstructure was studied. Weibull theory was used to analyze the critical defects that caused the tensile fracture, and the microstructure of fibers before and after corrosion was characterized. It is concluded that the decrease of tensile strength after corrosion at 800 °C is caused by the surface injury of fibers, which led to the shift of critical defects from the internal defects of virgin fibers to surface defects. Moreover, corrosion at higher temperature accelerates the corrosion process and dissolve the surface O-contained layer thoroughly. This shifts the critical defects back to the internal defects and will be helpful for the recovery of tensile strength of corroded fibers at the higher temperature.     

Study on the blackening phenomenon of leaded glass during microgroove molding using nickel phosphorous mold

Precision glass molding (PGM) is a recently developed method to fabricate glass microgroove components. Lead glass is commonly used as an optical material due to its high refractive index and low transition temperature. A nickel-phosphorous (Ni–P) plated mold is traditionally employed in the PGM process for microstructures optics. However, leaded glass is subject to color change and can blacken during the PGM process, reducing the light transmittance of microgrooves. In this paper, an equation for the redox reaction between Ni and Pb is proposed, which is based on the diffusion of inner Ni atoms to the surface of the mold and the standard electrode potential of the Pb ions in leaded glass. A viscoelastic constitutive model of the glass is established to simulate the compression stress distribution during molding. Finally, the effects of molding pressure, molding temperature, and mold material on glass blackening are studied. The results show that the blackening of leaded glass is caused by Pb enriching the surface. The rise in molding stress and temperature increases the deformation of Ni–P plating, which promotes the diffusion of Ni atoms. By adding a titanium incorporated diamond-like carbon (Ti-DLC) coating, the deformation of the Ni–P plating during molding is suppressed, and the diffusion of Ni atoms can be prevented. In this way, the blackening of leaded glass can be prevented.     

Synthesis of Zn0·1Cd0·9S heterostructure with N-doped graphene quantum dots and graphene for enhancing photoelectric performance in UV–visible light

In the present study, a heterostructure based on Zn_0·1Cd_0·9S, N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), and graphene was successfully prepared by a simple method. Various analyses are conducted to determine the structure, morphology, and materials performance of the synthesized composite. The results exhibit that the Zn_0·1Cd_0·9S/N-GQDs/graphene heterostructure presents excellent photoelectric performance with a high photocurrent of 4.43 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm² and 3.43 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm² under light irradiation of 365 nm and 405 nm, respectively. It demonstrates a two-fold photocurrent enhancement in comparison to blank Zn_0·1Cd_0.9S. This remarkable improvement is ascribed to a mechanism in which the N-GQDs act as photosensitizers, enhancing the absorption ability. Concurrently, graphene serves as a carrier mobility substrate, facilitating the separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The synergetic effect between Zn_0·1Cd_0·9S, the N-GQDs, and graphene enhances the photoelectric performance. The Zn_0·1Cd_0·9S/N-GQDs/graphene heterostructure provides a new route for the enhancement of the photoelectric performance of a semiconductor under UV–visible light.     

Synthesis and properties of cinnamic acid series organic UV ray absorbents–interleaved layered double hydroxides

Organic ultraviolet (UV) ray absorbents, cinnamic acid (CA) and p-methoxycinnamic acid (PMOCA) were intercalated into Zn₂Al layered double hydroxides (Zn₂Al-LDHs) by co-precipitation reaction. The organic–inorganic nanocomposites, Zn₂Al-LDH/CA and Zn₂Al-LDH/PMOCA were obtained. The samples showed excellent UV ray absorption ability and their catalytic activity for the air oxidation of castor oil greatly decreased when the organic UV ray absorbents were intercalated in the layers of the Zn₂Al-LDHs. The studies suggested that Zn₂Al-LDH/organic UV absorbent nanocomposites might be used as safe sunscreen materials.     

结合局部特征和全局信息的自适应活动轮廓模型

提出一种新的基于全局图像信息和局部图像特征的活动轮廓分割模型。模型的总能量函数主要包括3项:全局能量项、局部能量项和自适应调节项。其中,全局能量项整合了图像的全局信息,局部能量项则考虑了图像的局部特征,而二者的权重会根据上下文内容自适应调整。由于在模型中充分利用了图像全局信息和局部特征,因而有效地提高了分割的精度。此外,加入了凸优化技术,以获取模型的全局最优解。最后,采用Split-Bregman方法进行快速求解,使得模型的分割效率大大提高。实验结果表明,该模型对初始化具有较好的鲁棒性,在分割精度上有了较大的提升,特别是分割速度比C-V模型快1.5倍到2倍。     

水解-红外吸收光谱法测定精四氯化钛中总油

精四氯化钛是海绵钛及钛生产的关键原材料,提高海绵钛及钛质量的关键在于控制精四氯化钛中杂质含量。由于生产工艺原因,精四氯化钛中含碳杂质主要为油类杂质,因此测定精四氯化钛中油类杂质含量,对精四氯化钛中碳杂质的分析具有重要意义。总油以碳为主要成分,具有红外吸收带,因此能够利用红外吸收光谱法实现测定。而四氯化钛与水气接触极易发生水解反应,生成的氯化氢同样具有红外吸收峰,且氯化氢与油类的吸收峰波数较接近,致使氯化氢干扰红外吸收光谱法测定四氯化钛原样中总油含量。实验建立水解-红外吸收光谱法测定精四氯化钛中总油含量的方法,将四氯化钛样品与水按体积比1∶25水解平衡后,采用四氯乙烯萃取水解溶液中的总油,通过外标定量分析精四氯化钛中总油含量。校准曲线中总油的线性范围为0～80 mg/L,相关系数r为0.999 9;总油的检出限为2.5 mg/kg。方法用于测定3个精四氯化钛样品中总油,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.5%～4.1%;加标回收率为96%～109%。     

Efficient synthesis of benzophenone derivatives in Lewis acid ionic liquids

Benzophenone and its derivatives were prepared via Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions using ionic liquids (ILs) of BmimCl–FeCl₃, BmimCl–AlCl₃ and BmimCl–ZnCl₂ as dual catalyst–solvent. Among them, BmimCl–FeCl₃ showed much higher catalytic activity than that observed for the other two ILs, and in conventional organic solvents. In these reaction systems, good to excellent yields (up to 97%) of acylation products were obtained in a short reaction time. This method features high yield, a simple product isolation procedure, ILs reusability and reduced waste discharge, thus rendering this catalytic system both efficient and environmentally friendly.     

羧酸钠型离子交换纤维对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以腈纶、水合肼、氢氧化钠为原料制得羧酸钠型离子交换纤维,研究了该纤维对Cu2+的吸附性能。结果表明:羧酸钠型离子交换纤维的交换容量可达4．89 mmol／g,25℃下,pH为5．0时,20 min可达到饱和吸附;CuSO4溶液浓度为2．32 mmoL／L,床流速为2．7 BV／min,穿透吸附时的床体积为149．0时,该纤维对Cu2+的动态穿透沉淀和吸附容量为1．66 mmol／L;该纤维经5次再生后其交换容量由再生前的4．89 mmol／g升高到4．97 mmol/g,饱和吸附时再生纤维吸附容量达到再生前的95．6％,其再生性能良好。     

基于MultiLayer水平集的脑MRI图像分割框架

提出了一种新的自动初始化水平集的方法和基于MultiLayer水平集的活动轮廓模型。该模型同时进行偏移场去除和图像分割,因此可以有效地克服灰度不均匀性的影响。最后利用了大脑皮层的距离信息,在框架中增加了厚度约束项。实验结果显示,相比著名的LBF模型,该框架不但可以获得更高的分割精度,而且分割时间也大大减少。