Experimental study on the clogging effect of dredged fill surrounding the PVD under vacuum preloading

Clogging effect surrounding prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is a typical problem when vacuum preloading is applied to a dredged fill foundation. A large-scale model test was designed to clarify the cause and mechanism of the clogging effect, and the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the soil in the clogging zone were tracked during the test. The results demonstrated that a clogging zone was formed around the PVD in the early stage of improvement with conventional vacuum preloading, and the boundary of the clogging zone was approximately 0.2–0.4 of the boundary radius. The clogging zone surrounding the PVD was formed because of the overall movement of the soil toward the PVD under the high vacuum pressure gradient, rather than fine particle migration. The soil in the clogging zone exhibited permeability anisotropy and equivalent ‘smear’ effect. The permeability ratio (k_h/k_v) was less than 1, and the ratio of horizontal permeability coefficients at the test distances of 45 cm and 10 cm were 9.6 at a depth of 20 cm and 8.9 at a depth of 80 cm. An analysis of the microstructure of the soil in the clogging zone demonstrated that the clay particles tended to be vertically oriented. The re-orientation of the clay particles reduced the horizontal permeability coefficient and led to the permeability anisotropy of the soil in the clogging zone. Thus, decrease in the horizontal permeability coefficient and equivalent ‘smear’ effect of the soil in the clogging zone affect the consolidation of dredged fill, which leads to the clogging effect. The permeability anisotropy also slightly affects consolidation.     

基于跳跃基因的GA-BP算法研究

GA-BP学习算法往往会出现收敛速度慢,可能陷入局部极值的现象。针对以上问题,选取了自适应GA-BP(AGA-BP)算法,并在GA-BP算法和AGA-BP算法的基础上添加跳跃基因,称之为JG-GA-BP算法和JG-AGA-BP算法,用于解决分类问题。算法在遗传算法的基础上增加了跳跃基因算子,用于优化BP神经网络的结构参数,从而建立相应的神经网络拓扑模型。为验证添加跳跃基因后的学习算法的分类效果,将JG-AGA-BP算法、JG-GA-BP算法、AGA-BP算法和GA-BP算法的性能进行比较。以随机数、iris、wine、鲍鱼数据集的分类实验为例,研究结果显示出添加了跳跃基因的GA-BP算法的准确率和收敛速度都有一定程度的提高。     

带缀板的开口薄壁杆件的约束扭转

根据薄壁杆件结构约束扭转的一致性理论,并在符拉索夫刚周边假定及库尔布鲁纳和哈丁对翘曲位移的假定下,考虑缀板的弯曲与剪切变形,得到带缀板的开口薄壁杆件的总势能及相应的拉格朗日函数。通过引入对偶变量,建立了缀板加强的开口薄壁杆件的哈密顿对偶体系,并采用两端边值问题的精细积分法求得高精度数值解。算例证明,本方法具有较高的精度,且计算过程简单清晰,为缀板加强的开口薄壁杆件的约束扭转分析提供了一种新的思路。     

南京地层地铁隧道施工的Peck公式修正

通过南京地区施工得到大量地表沉降实测数据,研究地铁隧道施工引起地表沉降问题,运用线性回归结合最小二乘法数学方法,引入两个修正系数:沉降槽宽度修正系数β、地表最大沉降修正系数α,对Peck公式两个重要参数——沉降槽宽度系数K、底层土体损失率η进行修正,使之适用于南京地质条件下研究区间涉及的工况.结果表明:地表最大沉降修正值α介于0.5-0.9,沉降槽宽度β介于0.6-1,此时沉降槽宽度系数K介于0.35-0.75,土体损失率η介于0.4％-0.85％,得到修正后Peck曲线与地表实测沉降数据更吻合.     

双层柱面网壳结构在BRB作用下的减震分析

运用SAP2000有限元软件对跨度30 m,长度42 m的正放四角锥双层柱面网壳建立模型,并进行模态分析和力学性能分析。在EL-Centro波作用下对支撑布置位置不同和布置数量不同时的网壳结构进行地震响应分析。结果表明：防屈曲支撑在双层柱面网壳中替换部分杆件时可以起到较好的减震效果,其中替换受力较大的腹杆要比替换其他位置杆件的减震效果要好,而在替换腹杆的不同方案中,替换了48根杆件的减震效果明显优于替换20根杆件的效果。     

富含砖粒再生混凝土抗剪性能研究

为了研究富含砖粒再生混凝土的抗剪性能,制备了4组不同配合比的富含砖粒再生混凝土试件,以28 d立方体抗压强度值为变化因素,在分析立方体抗压强度对抗剪强度影响的基础上,研究了立方体抗压强度值对剪应力-应变曲线的影响。结果表明:富含砖粒再生混凝土的剪切破坏形态与普通混凝土相似,其抗剪强度随着抗压强度的提高呈显著增长趋势;建立了剪应力-应变的本构方程,提出了富含砖粒再生混凝土的剪切模量计算式。     

Effects of pressure on densification behaviour,microstructures and mechanical properties of boron carbide ceramics fabricated by hot pressing

Effects of pressure, from ordinary (30 MPa) to high pressure (110 MPa), on densification behaviour, microstructures and mechanical properties of boron carbide ceramics sintered by hot pressing are investigated. With increasing pressure, the relative density sharply increases within 30–75 MPa, slowly increases within 75–100 MPa and finally stagnates. For samples within 75–100 MPa, densification begins at approximately 1000 °C, and the dominant densification process ends before the soaking stage. High relative densities of 98.49% and 99.76% are achieved. For samples within 30–50 MPa, densification begins at approximately 1500 °C, and the soaking stage (initial 20 min) is still important for the dominant densification process. The final relative densities are only 87.90% and 92.32%. The above-mentioned differences are derived from contributions of pressure, and the dominant densification mechanism under high pressure is plastic deformation. The average grain size of the samples slightly increases with increasing soaking time. The grain size under higher pressure is larger than that under lower pressure at corresponding periods because grains grow easily with reduced pores. Vickers hardness and fracture toughness increase as grain size decreases in fully dense samples. However, when the samples do not achieve full density, relative density becomes more influential than grain size in hardness and toughness. A soaking time of 30 min is enough for samples under 100 MPa. Prolonging the soaking time has deleterious effects on mechanical properties. The relative density, grain size, hardness and fracture toughness of the samples under 100 MPa for 30 min are 99.73%, 1.96 µm, 37.85 GPa and 3.94 MPa m^1/2, respectively.     

角钢轴压构件畸变与局部相关屈曲分析

采用ANSYS有限元软件,对冷弯薄壁加劲卷边角钢轴压构件的畸变与局部相关屈曲性能进行模拟分析。研究不同卷边宽度对构件的屈曲模式及临界荷载的影响,以及不同厚度对构件的畸变与局部相关屈曲临界荷载及经济系数的影响。结果表明:卷边宽度对构件的屈曲模式及临界荷载有较大影响,对比不同卷边宽度下各构件的临界荷载值,得出卷边宽度与肢长比在6/25左右较合理;板件厚度对于畸变与局部相关屈曲临界荷载有较大的影响,对比不同板件厚度下各构件经济系数的变化,得出板件厚度与肢长比在7/150左右较合理。     

自复位梁腹板耗能钢框架节点抗震性能分析

提出一种自复位钢框架梁柱节点,该自复位钢框架节点的特点是梁柱接触面能够在地震荷载发生时打开和关闭,梁柱通过槽钢与高强螺栓连接在一起,沿梁长方向设置预应力钢绞线以提供恢复能力。通过Ansys建立类型节点并施加低周往复荷载,模拟该类型节点在地震作用下的运动轨迹,通过对M-θr和骨架曲线的分析得出该框架梁柱节点的抗震能力良好。