高压气淬过程的数值模拟

应用有限体积法建立了数学模型,对高压气淬过程中气体的速度场、气体和工件的温度场以及工件内部的组织场进行了耦合计算,针对一组小棒料高压气淬的模拟结果,分析了气体流动、工件温度与相变各自的影响因素以及它们之间的相互影响,指出几何模型准确建立的重要性.另外通过模拟结果与实测冷却曲线的比较,该模型基本反映了高压气淬过程,其中加入相变计算能更符合实际,并且还能预测出工件的最终组织.应用本文中的相变计算模型,相变的计算结果与工件金相照片中的实测结果基本吻合.     

Study on the dynamic characteristics of the free piston in the ionic liquid compressor for hydrogen refuelling stations by the fluid-structure interaction modelling

The ionic liquid compressor is promising for hydrogen refuelling stations, where the dynamic characteristics of the free piston are crucial for adjusting the compressor performance. This paper presents an investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the free piston in the ionic liquid compressor through a fluid-structure interaction modelling in three typical conditions. The results show that in the typical condition with no impact, phenomenons of buffering, oil charging, and oil overflow are observed in the oil pressure variation. Three features are found in the motion curve: asymmetric motion with a delay of reversal due to the buffering effect, variable location of the dead centre, and fluctuation in the piston velocity. When the impact occurs at the TDC, an opposite variation trend is observed in the gas and oil pressure curve. In the typical condition with impact at the BDC, the oil pressure drops below the atmospheric pressure.     

基于聚离子液体的常压阴离子可染聚丙烯纤维制备及其性能

为改善聚丙烯纤维的染色性能,使其达到阴离子染料可染的效果,设计合成了一种主链是阳离子型的聚离子液体,对其与聚丙烯共混体系的相容性进行研究;将共混体系通过熔融纺丝得到阴离子可染聚丙烯纤维,借助纱线强伸度仪研究了纤维的力学性能,并通过染色实验对纤维的染色性能进行分析。结果表明:聚丙烯与聚离子液体共混体系具有良好相容性,聚离子液体的加入使聚丙烯的结晶度和取向度降低,从而使得其改性聚丙烯纤维更有利于与染料结合;改性聚丙烯纤维的上染率达到17.0%,染色深度值达到5.450 3,且改性纤维的断裂强度为4.4 cN/dtex,符合纺织加工的要求。     

Influence of Nd and Y additions on the corrosion behaviour of extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloys

To improve the corrosion resistance of wrought magnesium alloys through rare earth (RE) additions, the corrosion behaviour of Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, and 2; wt%) and Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd-yY (y=0.5 and 1; wt%) alloys in a 5wt% NaCl solution was investigated using immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The results of immersion test show that Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the tested alloys. Electrochemical measurements show that secondary phases in RE-containing Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloys behave as less noble cathodes in micro-galvanic corrosion and suppress the cathodic process. The additions of Nd and Y into Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloy also improve the compactness of the corrosion product film and are beneficial to the corrosion resistance.     

大气等离子喷涂热障涂层CMAS防护层成分及厚度优化

目的优化热障涂层(TBCs)CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2)阻抗层的成分和厚度,使其能有效阻抗CMAS沉积物的腐蚀,并同时与热障涂层有较高的结合力。方法首先利用多孔无压烧结陶瓷块体研究了不同含量Al_2O_3和8YSZ(8wt.%氧化钇稳定氧化锆)均匀混合后在高温(1250℃)条件下对CMAS沉积物的防护作用。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线衍射(XRD)仪,分析研究了CMAS腐蚀层的显微结构、腐蚀深度及反应产物。其次,基于最优成分,利用大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了具有8YSZ/Al_2O_3陶瓷层的热障涂层。对CMAS腐蚀厚度进行分析测量,提出CMAS阻抗层的厚度。结果 Al_2O_3的添加可以有效地阻碍CMAS的渗入,并且Al_2O_3含量越多,防护效果越好。但是CMAS的渗入深度和氧化铝的添加量呈非线性关系。结合TBC陶瓷层的热学性能和力学性能的要求,本实验中最佳的TBCs复合陶瓷层组分为70wt%8YSZ+30wt%Al_2O_3。基于实验结果,提出YSZ/Al_2O_3复合陶瓷层(50μm)-YSZ陶瓷层(150μm)的双层TBC陶瓷层结构,并综合计算出复合陶瓷层的热膨胀系数为9.93×10-6℃-1以及双层TBC陶瓷层的热导率为2.4 W/(m·K)。最后对Al_2O_3减缓CMAS腐蚀的机理进行了量化分析。结论 YSZ/Al_2O_3复合阻抗层的最优成分为70wt%8YSZ+30wt%Al_2O_3,厚度为50μm,能有效阻碍高温下CMAS腐蚀。     

Computational model for carbon diffusion and methane formation in a ferritic steel during hydrogen attack

Hydrogen attack is a material degradation process which involves partial dissolution of the microstructure in favor of the growth of methane-filled cavities. The various physical–chemical processes involved are strongly coupled. We present a numerical microstructural model for two of these processes, based on a variational approach.     

Deformation-induced defects controlling fracture toughness of steel revealed by tritium desorption behaviors

Defects induced by plastic deformation have been revealed by means of room temperature desorption and thermal desorption spectroscopy of tritium with regards to the ductile crack growth resistance and brittle fracture initiation in steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition region. Tritium, as a probe for detecting defects, was introduced into non-deformed or deformed samples. Three steels, the microstructures of which are characterized by the constraint factor for slip extension, were employed. The residual tritium in a specimen after three days at room temperature increased to the extent corresponding to the constraint factors when plastic deformation was applied. The thermally desorbed tritium, with a peak desorption rate around 150°C, also increased according to the constraint factors. Referring to the previous analysis of the R-curves, the constraint for the extension of slip across grain boundaries is shown to control both the ductile crack growth resistance and the brittle fracture initiation through the deformation microstructures that evolve vacancy clusters or microvoids.     

Thermogravimetric determination of the carbon dioxide reactivity of char from some New Zealand coals and its association with the inorganic geochemistry of the parent coal

Thermogravimetrically-determined carbon dioxide reactivities of chars formed from New Zealand coals, ranging in rank from lignite to high volatile bituminous, vary from 0.12 to 10.63 mg/h/mg on a dry, ash-free basis. The lowest rank subbituminous coal chars have similar reactivities to the lignite coal chars. Calcium content of the char shows the strongest correlation with reactivity, which increases as the calcium content increases. High calcium per se does not directly imply a high char reactivity. Organically-bound calcium catalyses the conversion of carbon to carbon monoxide in the presence of carbon dioxide, whereas calcium present as discrete minerals in the coal matrix, e.g., calcite, fails to significantly affect reactivity. Catalytic effects of magnesium, iron, sodium and phosphorous are not as obvious, but can be recognised for individual chars. The thermogravimetric technique provides a fast, reliable analysis that is able to distinguish char reactivity differences between coals, which may be due to any of the above effects.     

Flash joining of SiC at ultra-low temperature

In this study, the flash joining of silicon carbide (SiC) at an ultra-low furnace temperature of 400 ℃ was achieved in air by applying a direct current (DC) electric field. The voltage and current trends are related to the ‘flash’ phenomenon of the joining process. The interface temperature ranged from 990 ℃ to 950 ℃ during joining. The flash joining of SiC was realised by electric field-assisted in situ oxidation to form amorphous SiO₂ at the interface.