Research on methods of defect classification based on metal magnetic memory

Metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique can evaluate early damages of ferromagnets and search possible defect locations, while just classifies the defect types roughly. To promote study in this area, the magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) of the self-magnetic leakage field (SMLF) on the fracture zone of crack and stress concentration was measured using a tri-axis magnetometer. From measured results, both the plane and the vertical characteristics of SMLF distributions were discussed. To remove the influence of the measuring direction on experimental results, a new parameter of the analytical signal of magnetic gradient tensor (AMGT) was introduced to determine the location and boundary of the defect. Then, the vertical features were acquired by measuring the plane distributions of AMGT under different lift offs. Through analyzing the vertical features, it was concluded that change rule of the maximum AMGT can be used to predict the defect type. At last, the explanation of the relationship between the vertical feature and the defect type was discussed, which can give some useful inspirations to researchers on magnetic leakage field testing.     

激光重熔制备TA1表面Ni/Al复合抗高温氧化涂层

为了提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能,采用电弧喷涂和等离子喷涂方法在纯钛表面制备Ni/Al复合涂层.利用激光重熔使得Ni层与Al层发生冶金反应,对试件进行800℃×40 h连续氧化.根据生成的金属间化合物特征研究纯钛的高温抗氧化行为.结果表明,经过表面改性处理后Ni/Al复合涂层可以显著提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能.在激光重熔过程中Ni/Al复合涂层中的Al发生熔化扩散并与Ni形成以Ni_2Al_3相为主的扩散层.在氧化过程中Ni/Al复合涂层表面形成连续且致密的α-Al_2O_3氧化膜与大量NiAl相,表面扩散层中的富铝相可为表面提供充足的Al元素,进而对纯钛基体提供有效的高温抗氧化保护作用.     

工艺因素对铜-铝-铜复合板界面结合的影响

为了减轻导电材料的结构质量,在铝板两侧放置铜带制备出一种铜-铝-铜复合结构,采用冷轧工艺进行轧制成形.系统研究了轧制压下率和轧前表面处理对轧制复合效果的影响,对铜-铝-铜复合板结合界面进行了观察,分析了退火对结合界面的影响.结果表明,随着压下率的增加,复合板的剥切力增加.改变铜带厚度时,复合板的剥切力随铜铝厚度比的减小而增大.当铝板厚度为12 mm、铜铝厚度比为0. 06时,轧制复合效果最佳.冷轧复合前处理影响因素中,刷拭处理对复合效果影响最大,铜铝软化退火处理次之,酸碱洗处理影响最小.复合板结合界面在轧制后发生了互扩散.在250℃下进行不同时长退火时,复合板中形成了明显的扩散层.当退火时间为50 h时,复合板中出现了两层扩散层,扩散层厚度随退火时间的增加而增加.     

热处理对Ti_(35)Zr_(30)Be_(27.5)Cu_(7.5)非晶合金压缩性能的影响

利用铜模铸造法获得了直径为2 mm的Ti35Zr30Be27.5Cu7.5块体非晶合金。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差氏扫描量热仪(DSC)及压缩试验等方法研究了非晶合金的相结构、显微组织和热稳定性,以及热处理对其压缩强度及塑性的影响。结果表明:在553和583 K温度下分别保温5 h后,实验合金仍保持为非晶态;在613 K保温1 h后,有晶化相出现。Ti35Zr30Be27.5 Cu7.5非晶合金在583 K下保温1 h后其塑性变形量达到了6.57%,较热处理前提高了1倍,且保持了热处理前的强度,屈服强度和抗压强度分别为1921 MPa,2169 MPa。随着热处理温度的提高,非晶相含量减少,合金断裂强度、塑性变形量随之降低;同时合金断裂方式由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

Effects of scandium and zirconium combination alloying on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy

The influences of minor scandium and zirconium combination alloying on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy have been experimentally investigated.The experimental results show that when the minor elements of scandium and zirconium are simultaneously added into the Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy,the as-cast microstructure of the alloy is effectively modified and the grains of the alloy are greatly refined.The coarse dendrites in the microstructure of the alloy without Sc and Zr additions are refined to the uniform and fine equiaxed grains.As the additions of Sc and Zr are 0.4% and 0.2%,respectively,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the alloy are relatively better,which are 275.0 MPa,176.0 MPa and 8.0% respectively.The tensile strength is increased by 55.3%,and the elongation is nearly raised three times,compared with those of the alloy without Sc and Zr additions.     

Cu_(66)Ti_(34)非晶合金凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟了二元合金Cu66Ti34的凝固过程。原子间作用采用GEAM势,利用偶关联函数,均方位移(MSD)等分析方法,研究Cu66Ti34合金在4×1013 K/s冷却速度下的玻璃化转变温度、原子的扩散行为。结果表明,通过偶分布函数第一谷的最小值与第一峰最大值之比获得的玻璃转变温度为600 K,与相近成分Cu50Ti50的实验值接近;在800 K时,Cu和Ti的MSD最大值均小于1×10?2 nm2,合金熔体很粘稠;在600 K时,曲线的斜率降低,在动力学上合金熔体已经凝固。定压比热容与温度成二次分布关系,存在一个峰值温度为892 K的热力学玻璃转变温度,证明了用动力学方法和用热力学方法获得的玻璃转变温度之间的差异。     

PLC与TP04G控制铜铝管焊机的应用

由于原材料价格上涨,生产成本随之提高,制冷行业中铝代铜成为发展趋势。制冷管路中要有铜铝管接头,主要制造方法为焊接,其中电阻焊质量较好。铜铝管焊接一般采用专用焊接设备,对焊接参数的控制要求较高。在原有基础上,采用20EX可编程控制器PLC与TP04G文本显示器相结合,精确控制铜铝管焊接中的发热量。实际生产表明电源电压在380V的±15%波动以及焊接回路温度在(20～90)℃范围内,控制系统可使焊接发热量稳定在(±5)%以内。     

往复压缩机轴系扭振有限元分析

某6列往复压缩机因曲轴扭振,出现烧连杆瓦和断轴现象,调整压缩机曲轴转速及行程后,问题得到解决。利用Ansys有限元软件,建立调整前、后轴系有限元模型,分别对各轴系进行模态和瞬态动力分析。结果发现,轴系第1列曲柄销上节点振幅共振时远大于第6列,在压缩机第1、2列连杆瓦处产生冲击载荷的可能性很大,从理论上揭示曲轴多次在第2列曲柄根部断裂的原因;在同等共振状态下,压缩机行程的减小与曲柄振幅的降低成非线性关系得到确认。     

Microstructure investigation and first-principle analysis of die-cast AZ91 alloy with calcium addition

In order to get improved mechanical properties of die-cast AZ91 alloy under elevated temperatures, Ca element was added as a cost-effective alloying constituent. It appeared that minor Ca addition less than 0.5 wt% would result in no apparent change in microstructure, but the tensile strength at elevated temperatures was improved considerably. When increasing Ca addition to more than 1.0 wt%, Al₂Ca phase will precipitate during solidification, no Mg₂Ca phase was discovered. Homogeneous microstructure and high temperature stability in tensile strength of die-cast AZ91 alloy with Ca addition was mainly attributed to the precipitation of Al₂Ca phase, which considerably refined the bulky β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase distributed originally at the grain boundaries of die-cast AZ91 alloy with no Ca addition. The priority of Al₂Ca phase compared to Mg₂Ca phase in precipitation sequence was verified by first-principle calculation of their cohesive energy and formation enthalpy, and can also be associated with more bounding electrons between Al and Ca atoms.     

微量元素P、B对GH4169合金组织与蠕变性能的影响

通过对等温锻造合金进行直接时效、蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究了微量元素P、B对GH4169合金组织结构及蠕变行为的影响.结果表明:添加微量P、B可促使粒状δ相在合金中析出,且沿晶界不连续析出的δ相可抑制晶界滑移,提高合金的蠕变抗力;在试验温度和应力范围内,测定出GH4169G合金具有较高的蠕变激活能Q=594.7 ...