压力容器环形下降段内含硼溶液流动混合特性的数值模拟分析

发生堆芯应急冷却安注时,外部注入的含硼冷却剂与稀释水团将在环形下降段内发生混合,含硼冷却剂与稀释水团混合不均匀可能导致堆芯重返临界。本文基于Fluent 18.0对环形下降段内的流动混合特性进行分析。横截面的速度分布显示,入口截面的水平方向速度随周向位置的增加而显著衰减,而环形下降段下部区域横截面的速度分布趋于平缓;三维流线图显示,流体进入压力容器后在环腔内壁发生剧烈碰撞,随后绕环形下降段呈放射状流动。通过自定义硼酸溶液,并模拟其与稀释水团之间混合,数值结果与相关的实验研究结果较为一致;三维浓度分布显示,雷诺数较低时入口硼酸溶液将停滞在环形下降段上部空间,增加入口雷诺数有利于搅混均匀。     

Heat Transfer and Deformation Behavior of Shell Solidification in Wide and Thick Slab Continuous Casting Mold

With the considerations of the behaviors of shell deformation, mold flux film and air gap dynamic distribution in shell/mold gap, a two dimensional slice-travel transient thermo-mechanical coupled model of simulation shell solidification in wide and thick slab continuous casting mold was developed by using the commercial program ANSYS. The evolutions of strand-mold system thermal behaviors, including the air gap formation and the mold flux film dynamical distribution in shell/mold gap and shell temperature field, and the evolutions of shell deformation and stress distribution of peritectic steel solidified in a 2120 mm wide and 266 mm thick slab continuous casting mold were analyzed. The results show that the air gap formation and the thick mold flux film distribution mainly concentrate in the regions 0–21 mm and 0–7 mm, 0–120 mm and 0–100 mm off the shell wide and narrow faces corners, and thus the hot spots are given rise to form in the regions 15–55 mm and 15–50 mm off the shell wide and narrow face corners. The shell server deformation occurs in the off-corners in the middle and lower parts of the mold. The stress evolution in shell surface is tensile stress, while that in shell solidification front is compressive stress.     

Penetration into low-strength (23 MPa) concrete: target characterization and simulations

A combined experimental, analytical, and computational research and development program investigates the penetration of steel projectiles into low-strength concrete. Laboratory-scale material property tests conducted at the US Army Waterways Experiment Station on the concrete provide the data used in parameter estimation for a geomaterial constitutive model. The experiments and the model are described as well as the procedure used to fit the material model to the experimental data. The model accurately reproduces the data and predicts experimental results not used in the evaluation of model constants. The model, used in conjunction with an explicit transient dynamic finite element code, accurately predicts deceleration and depth of penetration of 3 CRH ogive-nosed 4340 steel penetrators.     

喷孔直径对喷雾碰壁特性的影响研究

利用单孔喷嘴高压共轨喷油器,以喷油器油量标定数据及控制参数为基础,在定容燃烧弹上,采用纹影和高速相机成像技术,在等喷油量变喷孔直径的前提下,测量了液相碰壁喷雾的半径(liquid-phase impingement spray radius,RL)、高度(liquid-phase impingement spray height,HL)、面积(liquid-phase impingement spray area,AL)和气相碰壁喷雾的半径(vapor-phase impingement spray radius,RV)、高度(vapor-phase impingement spray height,HV)、面积(vapor-phase impingement spray area,AV)参数的变化规律,对比了喷油结束时刻及喷油结束之后的碰壁喷雾特性。结果表明:在定油量条件下,喷雾喷油结束之前的增长速率高于喷油结束之后。喷孔直径越大,喷雾扩散速率越大,喷油持续期越短,但喷油结束之后RV的扩散速率与孔径关系不大。喷油结束时刻,随着喷孔直径的增加,RL、RV、HV、AV、纯气相面积(pure vapor-phase impingement spray area,APV)不断降低,HL、AL不断增加。除此之外,RV与RL相近,而HV远大于HL。     

Deterministic and probabilistic ship pitch prediction using a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing,reinforcement learning and improved QRNN

The deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship motion is important for safe navigation and stable real-time operational control of ships at sea. However, the volatility and randomness of ship motion, the non-adaptive nature of single predictors and the poor coverage of quantile regression pose serious challenges to uncertainty prediction, making research in this field limited. In this paper, a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing, reinforcement learning and improved quantile regression neural network (QRNN) is proposed to explore the deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship pitch motion. To validate the performance of the proposed multi-predictor integrated prediction model, an experimental study is conducted with three sets of actual ship longitudinal motions during sea trials in the South China Sea. The experimental results indicate that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the proposed model of deterministic prediction are 0.0254°, 0.0359°, and 0.0188°, respectively. Taking series #2 as an example, the prediction interval coverage probabilities (PICPs) of the proposed model of probability predictions at 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels (CLs) are 0.9400, 0.9800, and 1.0000, respectively. This study signifies that the proposed model can provide trusted deterministic predictions and can effectively quantify the uncertainty of ship pitch motion, which has the potential to provide practical support for ship early warning systems.     

Modeling and simulation of mixing in water-in-oil emulsion flow through a valve-like element using a population balance model

Emulsion flows are very common in natural processes as well as in several engineering areas, such as in the process of desalting crude oil that occurs in refineries. This kind of flow is described as a polydispersed multiphase flow. In this work, we evaluated the behavior of water-in-oil emulsion flowing through a duct with an element used to mimic the effect of a globe valve. An Eulerian multi-fluid approach was employed by solving the population balance equation coupled with computational fluid dynamics. Coalescence and breakage models recently developed were extended to this inhomogeneous model. A bivariate population balance problem was also solved to demonstrate the mixing caused by the valve-like element. The simulated results showed good agreement with the available experimental data for the Sauter and DeBroukere mean diameters.     

Performance evaluation of a solarized gas turbine system integrated to a high temperature electrolyzer for hydrogen production

In this paper, the performance of a solar gas turbine (SGT) system integrated to a high temperature electrolyzer (HTE) to generate hybrid electrical power and hydrogen fuel is analyzed. The idea behind this design is to mitigate the losses in the electrical power transmission and use the enthalpy of exhaust gases released from the gas turbine (GT) to make steam for the HTE. In this context, a GT system is coupled with a solar tower including heliostat solar field and central receiver to generate electrical power. To make steam for the HTE, a flameless boiler is integrated to the SGT system applying the SGT extremely high temperature exhaust gases as the oxidizer. The results indicate that by increasing the solar receiver outlet temperature from 800 K to 1300 K, the solar share increases from 22.1% to 42.38% and the overall fuel consumption of the plant reduces from 7 kg/s to 2.7 kg/s. Furthermore, flameless mode is achievable in the boiler while the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is maintained at the temperatures higher than 1314 K. Using constant amounts of the SGT electrical power, the HTE voltage decreases by enhancing the HTE steam temperature which result in the augmentation of the overall hydrogen production. To increase the HTE steam temperature from 950 K to 1350 K, the rate of fuel consumption in the flameless boiler increases from 0.1 m/s to 0.8 m/s; however, since the HTE hydrogen production increases from 4.24 mol/s to 16 mol/s it can be interpreted that the higher steam temperatures would be affordable. The presented hybrid system in this paper can be employed to perform more thermochemical analyses to achieve insightful understanding of the hybrid electrical power-hydrogen production systems.     

潜艇蓄电池放电过程的仿真研究

常规动力潜艇在水下稳定航行工况下,虽然推进电机发出稳定的功率,但潜艇的蓄电池在放电过程中输出电压和电流制随时间发生变化。蓄电池厂家提供的蓄电池极电特性曲线不能直接后映潜艇蓄电池在各种稳定航行工况下输出电压和电流的实际变化过程。为把握潜艇蓄电池的变化规律,给潜艇的水下续航能力评估提供分析工具,本文将潜艇蓄电池放电过程的仿真归结为其放电电压和电流变化过程的仿真,以铅畜电池放电特性曲线为基础,结合Ｐｅｕｋｅｒｔ公式进行适当变化,提出了以“使用模型”对潜艇蓄电池放电过程进行仿真的方法,并给出了具体的仿真算法。仿真计算结果与实际测量值进行了对比,结果表明该方法是有效的,满足工程精度要求,可用于潜艇的水下续航能力分析。     

基于模型实时辨识自适应控制算法的时变机械系统振动主动控制

参数时变的现象广泛存在于机械系统。如果系统参数随着时间而发生较大变化,振动主动控制方案就需要考虑时变参数对控制算法的影响。针对动力学特性变化较大的时变机械系统振动,提出一种模型实时辨识自适应控制算法,该算法将传统的滤波自适应算法与递归预测误差方法相结合,利用改变梯度的递归预测误差方法实时估计控制通道模型。建立弹簧质量支承的非均匀截面杆纵向振动时域模型,模型中随时间而变化的弹簧刚度导致模型动力学特性发生较大变化。用模型实时辨识自适应控制算法对建立的杆模型进行振动控制数值仿真,仿真结果表明,所提出的控制算法能有效抑制时变系统的窄带和宽带振动。相对于现有的方法,该控制算法能实现更好的控制性能。最后,将所提出的控制算法应用到时变的摇摆系统振动控制,实验结果验证了所提出控制算法的可行性和有效性。