考虑边界排水时间效应的软土一维非线性固结近似解答

为了考虑实际工程中,土层边界的排水性状是一个随时间连续变化的过程,基于经典的非线性压缩和非线性渗透关系,研究考虑排水边界时间效应时固结系数随时间变化的土体一维非线性固结问题。通过分离变量法和Laplace变换技术,获得该固结问题的近似解答;再将该文解退化并与既有差分解答进行对比,从而验证近似解答正确性。基于所得解,探讨了压缩指数与渗透指数比值Cc/Ck、最终有效应力与初始有效应力比值Nq及界面参数α、β对土体固结特性的影响。结果表明：在连续排水条件下,土体内的不排水对称面的位置与界面参数有关,并且随时间会发生变化;当Cc/Ck>1时,在固结前期,土体的沉降速率随着Nq值的增大而增大,而在固结后期则相反。排水边界的界面参数取值对反映边界排水速率影响很大,因此工程中计算地基固结速率时有必要确定界面参数取值。     

载荷对含Cr碳膜摩擦磨损性能影响研究

用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术制备了高硬度含Cr碳膜。分别用压入法和划痕法测定了薄膜的结合强度。薄膜厚度用球坑法表征。用显微硬度计测定了薄膜的努氏硬度。在不同载荷条件下,用Ball-on-disc球盘磨损试验机研究了薄膜的摩擦系数、比磨损率的变化规律。分析讨论了载荷对含Cr碳膜摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果发现：随着载荷的提高,对磨钢球时薄膜的摩擦系数呈下降趋势．对磨损轨迹和对磨球磨损表面的扫描电镜（SEM）观察发现存在转移膜现象。对磨球磨损表面的EDX分析结果进一步证明了转移膜的存在。文中还对含Cr碳膜磨损机理进行了分析和讨论。用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术制备了高硬度含Cr碳膜。分别用压入法和划痕法测定了薄膜的结合强度。薄膜厚度用球坑法表征。用显微硬度计测定了薄膜的努氏硬度。在不同载荷条件下,用Ball-on-disc球盘磨损试验机研究了薄膜的摩擦系数、比磨损率的变化规律。分析讨论了载荷对含Cr碳膜摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果发现：随着载荷的提高,对磨钢球时薄膜的摩擦系数呈下降趋势．对磨损轨迹和对磨球磨损表面的扫描电镜（SEM）观察发现存在转移膜现象。对磨球磨损表面的EDX分析结果进一步证明了转移膜的存在。文中还对含Cr碳膜磨损机理进行了分析和讨论。     

往复加载下预制承台-桩连接构造受力性能

在交通不便、土地资源稀缺及环保要求高的山区公路高架桥梁建设中,为充分利用一体化架桥设备桥面输送预制构件的优势、最大限度地实现全预制桥梁的建造需求,提出一种将现浇承台改为预制承台的方案。针对预制承台与桩连接构造受力安全可靠性问题,按照1/3的缩尺比设计制作两个预制承台-桩连接构造试件和一个现浇承台-桩连接构造试件,进行往复加载试验与非线性数值分析。试验结果表明：与现浇承台试件相比,预制承台试件的屈服点、极限承载力基本相同,桩的抗裂性能、裂缝分布也基本一致;现浇承台更易开裂,但预制承台裂缝数量更多、最大裂缝宽度更大;桩-预制承台连接试件的初始刚度略小,但开裂后的刚度与现浇承台试件相同;两种承台均能与桩共同受力,整体性能够得到保证。数值模拟与试验的倾角-位移曲线和滞回曲线较好吻合,表明数值模型可反映试件的变形情况、承载力与捏缩特性。试验和数值分析均验证了预制承台-桩连接构造受力性能的可靠性。     

基于热网络的中腰导轨移动式立柱热流强度的反求研究

以杭州机床集团有限公司生产的MKL7120数控成形磨床的中腰导轨移动式立柱为研究对象,根据立柱的结构特点构建立柱的热网络模型,通过实验测量立柱热稳态下特殊点处的温度值并结合所建的热网络模型反求出流入立柱的热流强度。利用仿真软件Multisim11,将反求结果作为已知的热流源代入所建立的热网络电路中,仿真得到热网络中所有节点的温度数据,并与实验数据进行对比,其误差小于2%,从而进一步验证了模型的正确性和合理性。利用该模型对主轴转速和磨头滑块移动速度进行了相关的特性分析,为进一步研究立柱瞬态温度场和热变形提供了重要的数据。     

中压单芯交联电缆护套松弛问题的解决措施

交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆在制造过程中,绝缘线芯放置时间不够,绝缘线芯中气体未充分释放出来,就直接进行下道工序会引起电缆外护套松弛。针对中压单芯交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆出现这种情况的原因进行了分析,并提出解决的措施。     

Reinforcing Paper Strength by Dual Treatment of a Cationic Water-soluble Polymer and Cellulose Nanofibril

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) was used as the anionic component of two dual strengthening systems wherein polyamidopolyamine epichlorohydrin resin (PAE) or cationic starch (CS) was used as the cationic component. Their strengthening effects were investigated for low-basis-weight (30 g/m²) paper composed of a mixture of fully bleached softwood and hardwood pulp in a 4:1 mass ratio. Using the PAE/CNF or CS/CNF dual system, it was generally easier to achieve higher wet and dry tensile strengths of paper compared to the paper using the single PAE or CS system. For example, the paper using the PAE (0.4%)/CNF (0.3%) dual system exhibited 89% higher wet tensile strength than the paper using the single PAE (0.4%) system, and the paper using CS (1.3%)/CNF (0.3%) dual treatment showed 21% higher dry strength than that using the single CS (1.3%) system. However, the PAE/CNF system only showed small improvement in the dry strength of paper (11% higher than that of paper using the single PAE system), so did the CS/NFC system on wet strength improvement (only 17% higher than that of paper using the single CS system).     

Development of low noise and vibration tunneling methods using slots by single hole continuous drilling

We have recently developed a new continuous hole drilling method as a rock fracturing method in hard rock tunnel excavation and as a free face forming method to be used at the time of controlled blasting excavation. In this paper, we overview the continuous hole drilling method and explain the tunnel excavation by the rock fracturing method and the controlled blasting by using this method.     

Effects of nanotube size and roof-layer coating on viscoelastic properties of hybrid diamond-like carbon and carbon nanotube composites

Hybrid carbon nanobuffers are developed by exploiting the ultra-hardness and wear-resistant properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings and the inherent viscoelasticity properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs). The viscoelastic properties of carbon nanobuffers incorporating thin-walled and thick-walled CNTs, respectively, are characterized by means of nanoindentation dynamic mechanical analysis tests. It is shown that the thin-walled nanobuffer has a better damping performance than the thick-walled nanobuffer due to its buckling-driven friction and post-buckling behaviors; particularly under large displacements. In addition, it is shown that under large indenter displacements, the VACNT arrays with DLC coatings display the improved stress distributions and enhanced strain energy dissipation performances due to the load transfer on the top of VACNTs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to investigate the roof-layer effect on damping behavior and structural deformation of the coated and uncoated VACNTs under nanoindentation. The results confirm that the VACNT with a DLC coating exhibits the significantly damping characterizations than the non-coated VACNT. Overall, the results presented in this study reveal the potential for tuning the damping performance of CNT-based nanobuffers through a careful control of the CNT size.     

Compressive strength and microstructure of fly ash based geopolymer blended with silica fume under thermal cycle

This work aims to reveal the effects of silica fume on properties of fly ash based geopolymer under thermal cycles. Geopolymer specimens were prepared by alkali activation of fly ash, which was partially replaced by silica fume at levels ranging from 0% to 30% with an interval of 10%, by mass. Microstructure, residual strength and mass loss of fly ash based geopolymer blended with silica fume before and after exposed to 7, 28 and 56 heat-cooling thermal cycles at different target temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C and 800 °C were assessed and compared. The experimental results reveal that silica fume addition enhances strength development in geopolymer. Under thermal cycles, the compressive strength of geopolymer decreases, and the compressive strength loss, as well as the mass loss, increases with increasing target temperature. The strength loss is the same regardless of silica fume content after thermal cycles. Microstructure analysis uncovers that pore structure of geopolymer degrades after thermal cycles. The pores of geopolymer are refined by the addition of silica fume. The incorporation of silica fume optimizes the microstructure and improves the thermal resistance of geopolymer. Silica fume increases the strength of the geopolymer and even though the strength loss is the same, the strength after heat cycle exposure is still good.     

《蚕丝被》国家标准修订解析及实施建议

近年来蚕丝被产业保持蓬勃发展的良好势头,但也出现了丝绵增重等不良现象。为解决蚕丝被的相关问题,满足高质量发展的要求,有关方面组织开展了国家标准的修订工作。文章介绍GB/T 24252-2009《蚕丝被》国家标准的修订背景及原则,全面解析标准的主要修订内容,着重强调蚕丝被填充物(蚕丝绵)不允许增重,具体指出标准不足之处,初步提出了标准的实施建议,以便于蚕丝被生产、消费、检验等相关方面更好地理解、领会和应用标准,从而推动提高蚕丝被产品质量、规范蚕丝被市场秩序、维护产销双方合法权益,以及促进行业健康稳定发展。