Psychrophilic hydrogen production from petrochemical wastewater via anaerobic sequencing batch reactor: techno-economic assessment and kinetic modelling

Independent hydrogen production from petrochemical wastewater containing mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) via anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was extensively assessed under psychrophilic conditions (15–25 °C). A lab-scale ASBR was operated at pH of 5.50, and different organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.00, 1.67, 2.67, and 4.00 gCOD/L/d. The hydrogen yield (HY) progressed from 134.32 ± 10.79 to 189.09 ± 22.35 mL/gMEG_initial at increasing OLR from 1.00 to 4.00 gCOD/L/d. The maximum hydrogen content of 47.44 ± 3.60% was achieved at OLR of 4.0 gCOD/L/d, while methane content remained low (17.76 ± 1.27% at OLR of 1.0 gCOD/L/d). Kinetic studies using four different mathematical models were conducted to describe the ASBR performance. Furthermore, two batch-mode experiments were performed to optimize the nitrogen supplementation as a nutrient (C/N ratio), and assess the impact of salinity (as gNaCl/L) on hydrogen production. HY substantially dropped from 62.77 ± 4.09 to 6.02 ± 0.39 mL/gMEG_initial when C/N ratio was increased from 28.5 to 114.0. Besides, the results revealed that salinity up to 10.0 gNaCl/L has a relatively low inhibitory impact on hydrogen production. Eventually, the cost/benefit analysis showed that environmental and energy recovery revenues from ASBR were optimized at OLR of 4.0 gCOD/L/d (payback period of 7.13 yrs).     

稀土石膏常压酸化法制备硫酸钙晶须的研究

以含稀土的石膏为原料运用常压酸化法合成硫酸钙晶须,探讨了不同工艺条件对生成的硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响,同时还考察了晶型助长剂的种类和晶型助长剂的含量对硫酸钙晶须生长的影响,利用SEM和XRD分别对硫酸钙晶须的表面形貌、物相特征做了表征分析。实验得到制备硫酸钙晶须的最佳的反应条件：稀土石膏质量浓度为0.22 g/mL、反应时间为25 min、盐酸浓度为2.8 mol/L、反应温度为70 ℃、陈化时间为4 h,在此条件下合成的硫酸钙晶须平均长度为61 μm,平均长径比为30.5;通过对比实验选出了CuCl₂作为促进硫酸钙晶须生长的助长剂,在添加5%（质量分数）的CuCl₂的情况下可使硫酸钙晶须长径比从30.5增至41,长度从61 μm增至81 μm。     

Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the influence of La2O3 on the melt structure of SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO

In order to gain more insights into the influence of rare earth elements on the melt structure of SiO₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–MgO glass ceramics, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used to study the influence of La₂O₃ on the Si–O/Al–O tetrahedron structure within SiO₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–MgO–quenched glass samples in this study. Results showed that some Raman peak shapes at low frequencies (200–840 cm^?1) changed significantly after the addition of La₂O₃, compared to the high frequency (840–1200 cm^?1) region that corresponds to the [SiO₄] structure, suggesting that the depolymerization of the low-frequency T–O–T (T=Si or Al) structure was more prevalent with La³⁺ addition. Besides, the depolymerization extent of the Si–O/Al–O tetrahedral network varied when the melt composition altered. Most notably, depolymerization is the most significant at a low CaO/SiO₂ ratio (0.25) and a high Al₂O₃ content (8%). Meanwhile, La³⁺ can promote the transformation of Si–O–Si and Al–O–Al bonds to the Si–O–Al ones, thereby forming a complex ionic cluster network interwoven with Si–O and Al–O tetrahedrons.     

The significant promotion of g-C3N4 on Pt/CNS catalyst for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol

This article reported a series of g–C₃N₄–CNS (g-C₃N₄ and carbon nanosheets) composite carriers formed by the hydrothermal method, and then the ethylene glycol reduction method was used to anchor Pt nanoparticles on the g–C₃N₄–CNS carrier to form the Pt/g–C₃N₄–CNS catalysts. The electrochemical test for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol (MOR) shown that the Pt/20%g–C₃N₄–CNS catalyst has the best catalytic performance and stability. These Pt/g–C₃N₄–CNS catalysts were analyzed by TEM, XRD, XPS, and BET characterization. It is discovered that the amount of g-C₃N₄ greatly influenced the structure and chemical properties of Pt/CNS precursor. As the content of g-C₃N₄ increases, the content of pyridine nitrogen and pyrrole nitrogen also increases, and N species can enhance the interaction between Pt nanoparticles and CNS, promote Pt dispersion, and increase the specific surface area of the catalyst. Similarly, an excessive addition of g-C₃N₄ will cause a sharp decline in the conductivity of the catalyst, and then led to the decline of MOR activity.     

Nb和时效时间对热轧中锰TRIP钢中P偏聚的影响

热轧态中锰TRIP钢首先经650 ℃退火2 h,随后在550 ℃进行等温时效热处理,采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)研究该钢中P的偏聚和时效析出行为的变化情况。结果表明,中锰TRIP钢中P在晶界的偏聚是一种非平衡偏聚现象,临界时间约为50 h,与理论计算结果48 h较为吻合。在局部偏聚区域内,C与P存在共偏聚的关系,即P偏聚量高的地方,C含量也高。而合金元素Nb具有抑制P偏聚的效果,在20~70 h时效时间内,可以相对降低6.57%~19.5%的最大P偏聚量。根据电子背散射衍射(EBSD)菊池线分析,P偏聚量低于2.28at%时,P为固溶状态,高于2.28at.%时,P为析出状态。     

Preparation of high strength foam ceramics from sand shale and steel slag

Foam ceramics with high strength were successfully fabricated by using sand shale and steel slag as the major materials and SiC as foam agent. The influence of raw materials ratio and heat treatment temperatures on crystalline phases, porosity, mechanical properties and pore structures was investigated via XRF, XRD, SEM, DTA-TG, Micro-CT. The results indicate that the raw materials composed of 94 wt% sand shale and 6 wt% steel slag enable the fabrication of foam ceramics possessing strength of 29.98 MPa, bulk density of 0.821 g/cm³, total porosity of 67.22%, closed porosity of 55.27% and thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/(m·K). Micro-CT result shows that the pores with an average size of 267.05 μm are isolated. Pore wall thickness conforms to normal distribution, and it ranges from 18 to 42 μm. The superior property makes it promising high-strength and lightweight material in application fields, including thermal insulation materials and lightweight building materials.     

中国古典园林三维造型研究

论述了采用层次结构化及参数化三维造型方法，建立一个以造型函数库为核心，从而构造各类、各级园林景观构件表面模型的方法和过程。对于某些非建筑类的园林配景构件，采用了Ｆｒａｃｔａｌ方法进行造型。     

用高梯度磁场净化轧钢废水

通过用高梯度磁场处理热轧厂废水的试验,得到了在试验条件下浊度(水中不溶物的含量)和铁的去除率,确定了最佳净化条件.在此条件下,能够有效去除废水中的不溶物和铁,经过处理的水质达到了工艺循环水的水质标准.     

Applications and exploitation of Virtual Instruments based on Delphi6

This paper introduces hardware connections between computer and intellectualized instrument based on 89c51 sin-glechip .It gives the techniques to compile internet applications of Virtual Instruments with Delphi6.     

原料对铁合金冶炼过程的影响

介绍了铁合金冶炼时需要准备的原料，对不合格原料需要进行加工处理，达到合格粒度。并提出了影响铁合金冶炼过程有原料的粒度，配料称量，混合等重要因素。