Yolk–shell structured iron carbide/N-doped carbon composite as highly efficient and stable oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst

We report a simple route to synthesize iron carbide/carbon yolk–shell composite via a facile two-step process including polymerization of pyrrole using Fe₃O₄ as a sacrificial template to form a Fe₃O₄/polypyrrole composite, followed by annealing at high temperature in N₂ atmosphere. The yolk–shell composite, with iron carbide (Fe_2.5C) embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon layers, shows impressively high catalytic activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution. Both the pyridinic-N and graphic-N in the shell of Fe₃O₄–PPy-700, together with the Fe_2.5C confined in carbon layers are believed to be the active sites for the ORR.     

Enhance cycling performance of LiMn2O4 cathode by Sr2+ and Cr3+ doping

Spinel LiSr_0·1Cr_0·1Mn_1·8O₄ was synthesised by high temperature solid state method in order to enhance the electrochemical performance. The LiSr_0·1Cr_0·1Mn_1·8O₄ (LSCMO) materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical tests. The XRD and SEM studies confirm that LSCMO had spinel crystal structure with a space group of Fd3m, and the particle of LSCMO shows irregular shape. The cyclic voltammetry data illustrated that the heavy current charge–discharge performance of LMO was improved by Sr²⁺ and Cr³⁺ doping. The galvanostatic charge–discharge of LSCMO cathode materials was measured at 1, 5, 10 and 20 C. The results indicated that LSCMO improved the capacity retention.     

电磁精细探测法在隐伏型导水地质裂缝勘探中的应用

针对传统隐伏型导水地质裂缝勘探方法存在勘测精度较差的问题,提出电磁精细探测法探析隐伏型导水地质裂缝。依照屏蔽系数、实测场强和理论场强数据绘制综合曲线图,通过该图获取隐伏型导水地质裂缝所处位置几何阴影范围,采用层析成像法得到网格化的工作面,获取隐伏型导水地质图像。通过图像直接观测隐伏型导水地质工作面裂缝所处位置,在此基础上,观测四个电磁场分量,采用正交电磁场分量计算介质视电阻率,依据计算视电阻率数值和视电阻率分布状态研究裂缝发育情况和裂缝富水程度。结果表明:采用该方法能较为精准地获取隐伏型导水地质裂缝位置。通过裂缝位置进一步检测出隐伏型导水地质裂缝最大发育高度为63.5 m。当视电阻数值不断增加时,隐伏型导水地质裂缝和裂缝富水性逐渐减小,与实际情况较为相符,说明该种方法探析效果较好。     

转速对2524铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊组织与性能的影响

对2524铝合金薄板进行搭接搅拌摩擦点焊试验, 研究了搅拌头转速对其组织与性能的影响。结果表明, 随转速增加, 焊点外侧飞边越加严重, 组织畸变程度增加, 焊核区宽度增大, 有效连接宽度先增大后减小。母材区硬度最大, 热影响区硬度最低;在焊核区内, 显微硬度随转速增加而增大, 当转速为1 100 r/min时达到最大133.9HV, 而热影响区在300 r/min时硬度最大。在单向拉伸试验中, 接头剪切强度随转速增加先增大后减小, 在700 r/min时达到最大值3 510 N;接头呈现出两种断裂模式: 即低转速下平行于两板面断裂和高转速下沿倾斜方向断裂;断口呈现明显的剪切韧窝形态, 韧窝小而浅, 焊接接头为韧性断裂。     

Image Super-Resolution Based on Generative Adversarial Networks: A Brief Review

Single image super resolution (SISR) is an important research content in the field of computer vision and image processing. With the rapid development of deep neural networks, different image super-resolution models have emerged. Compared to some traditional SISR methods, deep learning-based methods can complete the superresolution tasks through a single image. In addition, compared with the SISR methods using traditional convolutional neural networks, SISR based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) has achieved the most advanced visual performance. In this review, we first explore the challenges faced by SISR and introduce some common datasets and evaluation metrics. Then, we review the improved network structures and loss functions of GAN-based perceptual SISR. Subsequently, the advantages and disadvantages of different networks are analyzed by multiple comparative experiments. Finally, we summarize the paper and look forward to the future development trends of GAN-based perceptual SISR.     

克隆遗传算法在学生成绩分析中的应用

分析了关联规则挖掘的特点,提出一种基于克隆遗传策略的关联规则挖掘模型。该模型针对遗传算法易于陷入局部最优的缺点,引入克隆算子,通过克隆操作扩大群体规模,并采用自适应方式动态地选取交叉率和变异率,从而求得问题的最优解。实例分析表明,克隆遗传模型能有效处理数据集中的关联规则挖掘问题。     

基于变传动比的线控转向前轮转角控制

提出一种基于混合智能变传动比技术的前轮转角控制算法;分析了车辆转向性能和转向稳定性的影响因素,利用模糊神经网络设计以控制车辆转向性能为重点的传动比控制器,利用直线拟合方法设计以转向稳定性为重点的传动比控制器,然后应用模糊软切换技术对两传动比进行切换融合,最终得出兼顾转向性能和转向稳定性的恰当总传动比;利用该传动比直接控制前轮转角,并将控制策略进行仿真实验;实验结果表明总传动比不仅在数值范围和曲线形状上更接近理想传动比,而且将对应的峰值速度控制在110km/h左右,优于其他两个分传动比的控制效果;用该传动比控制的整车稳定性和前轮路径跟踪能力较好,可见整个控制策略的有效性。     

基于小波域数据的Hammerstein模型参数估计

针对非线性离散Hammerstein模型的输出存在随机噪声情况下,提出直接利用小波域的输入输出数据,估计出该模型的参数的方法。最小二乘法是时域参数估计的主要方法,随着对小波理论的深入研究,它在信号处理方面起着重要的作用。信号经过小波变换后,得到具有时频特征的小波域的信号,提高了信号的信噪比,去噪结果比时域和频域更有效。通过小波最小二乘法估计出模型的参数,与时域最小二乘法的估计参数相比较,仿真结果表明波域方法是可行的,有效的。     

基于因子分析与神经网络的区域物流需求预测

研究区域物流需求预测问题。影响区域物流需求影响因子较多,因子之间呈非线性关系,导致预测模型结果复杂,运行时间长,预测精度低。为提高区域物流需求预测精度,提出一种因子分析和BP神经网络相结合的区域物流需求预测方法(FA-BP)。首先通过因子分析对影响因子进行降维处理,然后将降维后的区域物流需求数据作为BP神经网络的输入进行训练建立预测模型,最后得到区域物流需求的预测结果。对某省1993-2007年区域物流需求预测进行实例分析,结果证明FA-BP模型提高了区域物流需求预测精度,网络的收敛速度加快,在区域物流需求预测方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

PID控制器设计与仿真研究

研究优化PID控制器性能问题,在过程控制中,系统存在纯滞后性、时变性、非线性的复杂系统,传统模糊控制和PID控制方法解决上述问题效果不佳,导致超调量大和调节时间长。为了解决控制系统中超调量大和调节时间长等难题,在Smith预估器和传统PID控制的基础上,结合模糊PID控制的优点,提出一种模糊PID-Smith的智能控制方法。方法通过对模型的纯滞后进行补偿,来减小纯滞后系统的超调量,从而增强系统的稳定性。通过对火电机组主汽温控制系统进行仿真,结果表明,方法降低了超调量,减少了调节时间,极大地改善了控制性能,提高了控制系统的自适应性和鲁棒性。