Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

Antibacterial activity and action target of phenyllactic acid against Staphylococcus aureus and its application in skim milk and cheese

Phenyllactic acid (PLA) has been demonstrated to possess antibacterial activity and capacity to prolong food shelf life. However, studies on the performance of PLA in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and its effectiveness when applied to dairy products are largely lacking. Here, antibacterial activity (planktonic and biofilm states) of PLA against S. aureus CICC10145 (S. aureus_45) were investigated. The results showed that PLA inhibited growth of S. aureus_45 and formation of S. aureus_45 biofilm. Next, the antibacterial action target of PLA was uncovered from both physiological and phenotypic perspectives. The results showed that PLA decreased cell metabolic activity and cell viability, damaged cell membrane integrity, triggered leakage of intracellular contents (DNA, proteins, and ATP), and caused oxidative stress damage and morphological deformation of S. aureus_45. In practical application, the antibacterial activity of PLA against S. aureus_45 cells was further confirmed in skim milk and cheese as dairy food models, and the antibacterial effects can be adequately maintained during storage for 21 d, at least at 4°C. These findings suggested that PLA could be a potential candidate for controlling S. aureus outgrowth in dairy foods.     

基于FT311D的Android移动设备硬件接口拓展设计

FT311D接口芯片为Android手机或平板电脑提供了USB转外部UART、GPIO、PWM、I2 C、SPI硬件接口功能。本文介绍了FT311D的硬件特点及其在Android平台下的软件开发方法。实验表明,基于FT311D的Android设备USB转外部接口方案硬件设计简单,软件开发方便,可广泛应用于物联网、车载系统、POS机、智能医疗保健仪器设备等。     

In situ generation of hydrogen peroxide from reaction of O2 with hydroxylamine from hydroxylammonium salt in neutral aqueous or non-aqueous medium using reusable Pd/Al2O3 catalyst

In situ generation of H₂O₂ with high yield can be accomplished by reacting O₂ with NH₂OH from hydroxylammonium salt [NH₂OH · HCl or (NH₂OH)₂ · H₂SO₄] in a neutral aqueous medium using a reusable heterogeneous Pd (1.0 wt%)/Al₂O₃ catalyst, even at low temperature (10 °C), with the formation of harmless by-products (viz. N₂ and water). The presence of KCl or KBr in the medium has beneficial effect. The H₂O₂ generation is strongly influenced by the pH of medium, reaction period and temperature; best results are obtained at the optimum pH and reaction medium.     

IOIO在Android手机中的应用与研究

IOIO是一个面向Android手机的软硬件开发平台,通过USB接口实现Android手机与外界物理设备的互动。本文介绍了IOIO的硬件特性与开发环境,给出了如何用IOIO来实现对LED控制的实例。实验结果表明,采用IOIO开发Android手机具有简单易用的特点。     

基于QT4的SQLite可视化管理工具的研究与开发

针对基于Linux平台的SQLite数据库可视化管理工具在嵌入式开发中应用较少的现状,以Qt4为图形界面应用程序框架,利用信号/槽机制和完全面向对象的设计理念,开发出跨平台的嵌入式数据库SQLite可视化管理工具.该工具能够稳定运行于Linux、嵌入式Linux以及Windows平台,避免了在Linux平台下直接使用SQL命令或接口函数调试程序的繁琐与不便,为嵌入式系统开发提供了方便,并使得普通用户操作SQLite数据库成为可能,具有实际应用价值.     

水利工程建设中的伦理问题初探

阐述了当前水利建设取得的成就,并着重分析了其中存在的若干伦理问题,以期引起社会的广泛关注,以求得理想的改善途径。     

有源RFID系统中可靠通信的研究

有源RFID是一种自动识别技术,在追踪和识别高价值商品方面具有突出优势。针对通信距离的增加,有源RFID系统出现识读不可靠、数据出错等问题。构建了基于CC2510的有源RFID系统,并结合硬件特性,重点对读写器与有源电子标签之间的通信数据帧标识、数据帧结构、标签防冲突处理和数据错误重传机制等方面进行探讨和设计。实验结果表明,改进后的通信机制对不同的测试环境具有一定的适应能力,表现出较好的可靠性。     

Catalytic activity of various iron sulphides in coal liquefaction

Iron sulphides with various S-Fe atomic ratios, such as pyrite, iron(III) sulphide, pyrrhotite and troilite, were used as catalysts for coal liquefaction. Catalytic activities were compared on the basis of the temperature of the exothermic peak due to coal hydrogenolysis. Effects of hydrogen sulphide on catalytic activity of iron sulphides were also investigated. It is concluded that:

• 1.1. The catalytic activity of iron sulphides increases with increasing S-Fe ratio;
• 2.2. pyrite, with the highest catalytic activity, is converted to pyrrhotite before the onset of exothermic reactions from coal hydrogenolysis, this evidently being the reason for the high catalytic activity;
• 3.3. the catalytic activity of iron sulphides depends on the coal type;
• 4.4. the high catalytic activity of pyrite may be due to the creation of fresh pyrite surface during the reaction rather than to the presence of high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide.

     

微酸性电解水凝胶对天麻鲜切片贮藏品质的影响

目的 研究微酸性电解水(slightly acidic electrolyzed water,SAEW)凝胶对天麻鲜切片贮藏品质的影响。方法 以不同有效氯浓度、凝胶浓度和处理时间为自变量,样品表面菌落存活数量级为响应值,利用响应面优化法得出最佳组合并对天麻鲜切片进行(4±1)℃贮藏实验,分别在贮藏0、2、4、6、8、10 d内测定天麻鲜切片的表面菌落总数、色差、天麻多糖含量、质量损失率。以无菌水处理作对照,分析SAEW凝胶对天麻鲜切片贮藏品质的影响。结果 天麻鲜切片在0～10d的贮藏过程中,处理组菌落总数为2.06logCFU/g、色差值变化为5.89、质量损失率为1.24%、天麻多糖含量减少2.06%。对照组菌落总数为3.72 log CFU/g、色差值变化为10.01、质量损失率为3.24%、天麻多糖含量减少5.45%。结论 SAEW凝胶在控制天麻鲜切片表面微生物危害和延缓品质衰减方面有一定潜力,相关结果有助于天麻鲜切片保鲜技术理论的完善。