Self-Powered Electrically Controlled Drug Release Systems Based on Nanogenerator

Precision medicine requires precise regulation of drugs in terms of time, space, and dosage. Exogenous control systems, such as electrical responsiveness, have made great progress. However, wearable or implantable controlled drug release devices still face major challenges due to limitations including limited battery life, large size, and fixed power supply. To overcome these limitations, the fabrication of autonomous devices is available to endure extended periods without reliance on external power sources. As a promising strategy, nanogenerators (NGs) turn body mechanical energy into electricity, powering long-term drug release. In this review, the current status of drug delivery systems (DDS) is briefly outlined and the importance of self-driven controlled drug release systems is emphasized. The main types and operational mechanisms of various nanogenerators are introduced. This review also focuses on summarizing the latest progress of self-powered controlled drug release systems based on nanogenerators (NG-based CDRs). Additionally, their applications in the field of drug release are introduced in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and future trends of self-powered NG-based CDRs are discussed from the perspectives of clinical needs and practical translation.     

SAGE: an automatic analyzing system for a new high-performance SoC architecture––processor-in-memory

Continuous improvements in semiconductor fabrication density are supporting new classes of System-on-a-Chip (SoC) architectures that combine extensive processing logic/processor with high-density memory. Such architectures are generally called Processor-in-Memory (PIM) or Intelligent Memory (I-RAM) and can support high-performance computing by reducing the performance gap between the processor and the memory. The PIM architecture combines various processors in a single system. These processors are characterized by their computation and memory-access capabilities. Therefore, a novel strategy must be developed to identify their capabilities and dispatch the most appropriate jobs to them in order to exploit them fully. Accordingly, this study presents an automatic source-to-source parallelizing system, called statement-analysis-grouping-evaluation (SAGE), to exploit the advantages of PIM architectures. Unlike conventional iteration-based parallelizing systems, SAGE adopts statement-based analyzing approaches. This study addresses the configuration of a PIM architecture with one host processor (i.e., the main processor in state-of-the-art computer systems) and one memory processor (i.e., the computing logic integrated with the memory). The strategy of the SAGE system, in which the original program is decomposed into blocks and a feasible execution schedule is produced for the host and memory processors, is investigated as well. The experimental results for real benchmarks are also discussed.     

Simultaneous determination of melamine and related compounds by capillary zone electrophoresis

A simple, rapid and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of melamine and related compounds (ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid) by capillary zone electrophoresis with diode array detection (CZE–DAD) was developed and successfully applied in egg, dairy products and pet feed. Real samples were extracted with acetonitrile/water/diethylamine (80/18/2, v/v/v) and analyzed by CZE method directly after centrifuging and filtering. Separation was performed by CZE using 40 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 9.0) as running buffer, an applied voltage of +30 kV, and UV detection at 214 nm. Four targets were separated completely within 10 min. The optimized method demonstrated good performance concerning linearity (r ⩾ 0.9964), precision (⩽4%), accuracy (82.2–101.6%), and enough sensitivity. And the proposed method was proved to have the merits of good separation, easy operation, short analysis time and low cost.     

番石榴叶乙酸乙酯萃取物化学成分研究

目的：寻找番石榴叶乙酸乙酯萃取物中具有降糖活性的功能成分。方法：采用硅胶、羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶柱层析与溶剂重结晶法进行单体分离纯化;通过分析化合物的理化性质、核磁共振谱（nuclear magnetic resonancespectrum,NMR）、质谱（mass spectrum,MS）数据进行结构鉴定;建立降糖脂肪细胞模型评价主要单体的降糖活性。结果：从番石榴叶乙酸乙酯萃取物中共分得14 个单体化合物,分别鉴定为：金丝桃苷（化合物1）、异槲皮苷（化合物2）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖苷（化合物3）、广寄生苷（化合物4）、番石榴苷（化合物5）,槲皮素-3-O-(2’’-O-没食子酰基）-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷（化合物6）,槲皮素（化合物7）、没食子酸乙酯（化合物8）、齐墩果酸（化合物9）、β-谷甾醇（化合物10）、isocaryolan-9-one（化合物11）、(-)-epiglobulol（化合物12）、t-cadinol（化合物13）和muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-ol（化合物14）。降糖脂肪细胞模型测定结果表明,5 种主要黄酮苷均具有降糖活性,其中以番石榴苷和广寄生苷降糖效果最好,40 μmol/L浓度下促葡萄糖摄取值分别达到了（1.74±0.076）、（1.81±0.029）mmol/L。结论：化合物6、8、11～14为首次从该植物中分得,化合物11为一新的天然产物;番石榴苷和广寄生苷可能为番石榴叶主要降糖活性成分。     

番石榴叶中广寄生苷和番石榴苷的降糖作用

目的：研究番石榴叶、广寄生苷和番石榴苷的降糖活性和相关性。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法测定不同月份番石榴叶中番石榴苷和广寄生苷的含量;建立降糖脂肪细胞模型,测定不同季节番石榴叶提取物的降糖活性;给药干预后,测定细胞培养液中游离脂肪酸的含量,采用Western blotting法测定脂肪细胞膜葡萄糖转运蛋白4（glucose transporter 4,GLUT4）表达。结果：6-9月份番石榴叶中番石榴苷和广寄生苷的含量较高,同时6-9月份番石榴叶的降糖活性也最好,降糖活性与化合物含量存在正相关性。番石榴叶提取物、番石榴苷和广寄生苷均能显著促进脂肪细胞膜上GLUT4蛋白的表达;番石榴叶提取物、番石榴苷和广寄生苷均能显著抑制游离脂肪酸的释放,降糖活性和抑制脂肪分解也存在正相关性。结论：番石榴苷和广寄生苷两种黄酮苷类化合物是番石榴叶降糖、抑制游离脂肪酸释放的主要活性物质基础。     

几种柑橘类水果功能性营养物质测定与比较分析

分别测定和对比5种柑橘类水果果皮、果肉中VC、类胡萝卜素和总多酚共3大类具有抗氧化能力的功能性营养物质含量,以及总多酚提取物消除超氧阴离子的能力。结果表明,5种柑橘类水果在功能性营养物质含量上存在显著差异,且果皮中功能性营养物质含量明显高于果肉中的含量,但这5种柑橘类水果总多酚提取物清除超氧阴离子能力不显著。     

替米沙坦的合成

以4-丁酰胺基-3-甲基-5-硝基苯甲酸为原料,经过酰化,缩合,还原,酯化,烃化,关环等步骤得到中间体15,然后水解得到替米沙坦。其总产率为41%。各步中间体及最终化合物的结构经1HNMR和ESI-MS等鉴定。     

金葛露及其改良产品降低血液中乙醇浓度的作用研究

对金葛露及其改良产品降低血液中乙醇浓度的作用进行初步探讨.取小鼠100只,随机分成4组,分别为改良产品组、金葛露组、生理盐水组及空白对照组,灌酒后分别于30min、60min、120min从各组取小鼠10只取血,血液预处理后进气相色谱仪测定乙醇浓度.与生理盐水组比较,金葛露组及其改良产品组在30min、60min和120min时都存在极显著性差异,与金葛露组比较,改良产品组在30min和60min时存在极显著性差异,在120min时存在显著性差异.金葛露及其改良产品都具有明显的降低血液中乙醇浓度的作用,且改良产品比金葛露效果更佳.     

山莓叶中有效成分的分离鉴定及其生物活性研究

本文以山莓叶乙醇提取物为研究对象,通过溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析、结晶等方法进行分离纯化。采用核磁共振(NMR),质谱(MS)、红外光谱法(IR)及与文献对比的方法对其分离的单体进行结构鉴定。利用刃天青96孔板微量稀释法、MTT法研究单体化合物的抑菌及抗肿瘤活性。研究结果表明:从山莓叶中分离纯化物经结构鉴定分别为:三萜化合物类2α、3β、23α-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(1)和黄酮类化合物山奈酚-3-O-β-D-(6’’-对羟基桂皮酰基)-葡萄糖苷(2);抑菌实验表明化合物1对供试的大肠杆菌、痢疾志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌最低抑菌浓度分别为:15.6μg/m L、15.6μg/m L、31.25μg/m L、15.6μg/m L,化合物2的最低抑菌浓度分别为:31.25μg/m L、62.5μg/m L、62.5μg/m L、62.5μg/m L。化合物1对Hep G2、MCF-7、OVCAR3的半数抑制率(IC50)分别为:34.2μM、60.43μM、62.3μM。化合物1具有很好的抑菌和较好的抗肿瘤活性。而化合物2对Hep G2、MCF-7、OVCAR3细胞的抑制作用不明显。