Mn/Cu nanoclusters-grafted N-doped carbon nanotubes: Robust oxygen electrode catalysts for Zn-air batteries

Developing efficient nonprecious electrocatalysts that can drive the oxygen electrode reactions in zinc-air batteries (ZABs) is important but remains challenging. In this work, novel materials comprising Mn/Cu nanoclusters-grafted N-doped carbon nanotubes are synthesized by preparing and then pyrolyzing Mn/Cu polyphthalocyanine-encapsulated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), followed by treating the products with acidic solution. The materials are named CNTs@(Mn,Cu)PPc-T, where T denotes the pyrolysis temperature in °C, and they are demonstrated to serve as efficient oxygen electrode catalysts for zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Among them, the one synthesized at 900 °C, CNTs@(Mn,Cu)PPc-900, requires more positive onset and half-wave potentials for reduction of oxygen and a low overpotential for the evolution of oxygen. A rechargeable ZAB assembled with CNTs@(Mn,Cu)PPc-900 electrocatalyst delivers a high power density (158.5 mW cm⁻²) and displays an excellent stability in 200 cycles of charge/discharge (in over 33 h). Such performance is even superior to that of a ZAB containing the benchmark Pt/C + RuO₂ catalyst as an air cathode under identical testing condition.     

微萃取-聚结分离技术在碳四脱甲醇中的应用

针对某石化公司混合碳四深加工项目中因甲醇水洗塔效率的局限性而导致混合碳四中甲醇含量超标的问题,开发了一种混合微萃取耦合模块化深度聚结分离的碳四脱甲醇的成套技术设备,并在某石化公司现场进行中试侧线实验研究。实验结果表明,该成套设备在进出口压降为5kPa,注水比例为5%,停留时间180s以内：对入口甲醇含量分别为300~400μL/L,1200~1400μL/L和40000~50000μL/L的混合碳四,出口甲醇含量为10~30μL/L、50~100μL/L和4000~5000μL/L;分离效率分别为96%、95%及88%以上。分离迅速且在较宽的操作弹性范围内表现出深度分离甲醇的能力及低压降的特点,表明了该技术在碳四水洗脱甲醇系统中具有良好的适用性,为混合碳四分离甲醇提供了新思路。     

核壳无皂乳液聚合合成苯丙表面施胶剂的研究

采用核壳无皂乳液聚合技术合成了苯丙表面施胶剂,在25%的单体浓度下,通过改变稳定剂的用量、核层软硬单体配比、功能单体的用量、乙烯基磺酸钠的用量、引发剂和相对分子质量调节剂的用量获得了施胶效果的变化规律以及最佳合成条件,产品的性价比高于德国BK-532产品。     

木材造纸废弃物基质对番茄生长发育的影响

利用木材造纸废弃物（造纸除尘木屑和造纸污泥）制作蔬菜栽培基质。以造纸除尘木屑∶造纸污泥（体积比）分别为3∶1、5∶1、7∶1等3种类型的栽培基质进行番茄无土栽培的比较研究。结果表明：不同配比木材造纸废弃物栽培基质对番茄生长发育、产量的影响均有明显差别。番茄在除尘木屑和污泥基质3∶1的情况下,每667m2番茄产量达8224.6kg,较对照土壤栽培增产13.3%,是较适宜的栽培基质配方。本实验证明,木材造纸废弃物可为大棚作物无土栽培提供一种新的基质资源。     

2，4-二溴苯酚的合成实验

研究了以苯酚为原料,在乙醇一水介质中,进行溴化反应生成2,4-二溴苯酚的优化工艺条件。合成最佳反应条件为：苯酚、溴素与双氧水的物质的量比为1：0．98：0．98,演化反应温度为0—5℃;反应时间为2h;洗涤温度为40—50℃。优化条件下,收率可达96％,产品经质谱验证及气相色谱分析,百分含量为98．3％。     

2-丁烯醛生产工艺改进研究

简单介绍了2-丁烯醛的用途、国内外生产概况及传统生产工艺,建立了2-丁烯醛的清洁生产工艺,并与传统工艺进行了比较。新工艺克服了传统缩合法能耗高、污染重的问题,可在同行业中起示范作用,具有一定的推广前景。     

(3R,4R)-3-[(1′R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮的合成

以化合物(3S,4S)-3-[(1′R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-羧基-1-对甲氧基苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮为主要原料,以卟啉锰为催化剂,经氧化脱羧,再由O3氧化脱保护基制得(3R,4R)-3-[(1′R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮(4AA),两步反应总收率达到83.7%.采用卟啉锰做催化剂进行脱羧氧化反应,使该步反应收率达到了93.0%.用FT-IR、1HNMR对最终产物结构进行了表征.     

乙酸(酯)-甲醛缩合制丙烯酸(酯)研究进展

近年来,通过乙酸（酯）和甲醛缩合制备丙烯酸的新路线吸引了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。此新路线的优点是过程简单,原料可从天然气、煤化工产品中获得,成本低廉,对可持续生产丙烯酸具有十分重要的意义。国内外研究者针对这一反应开发了多种类型的催化剂,包括钒磷氧（VPO）类催化剂、负载型碱金属/碱土金属以及离子液体等。本文综述了不同种类催化剂近期的研究成果,总结了三类催化剂的优缺点。指出均相的离子液体催化剂具有反应温度低、能耗少、选择性高的特点,但反应为间歇操作,产物分离困难、催化剂较难重复利用,催化效率偏低。VPO类催化剂和碱金属/碱土金属类催化剂,反应温度较高（320～400℃）,但可实现连续反应,产物分离方便,催化效率较高。相比于VPO类催化剂,碱金属/碱土金属类催化剂涉及的反应较少,对目标产物的选择性较高,但整体催化效能低于VPO类催化剂,且失活催化剂再生困难。最新的研究结果表明,经典的有机相法制备VPO前体可以被更加简便、经济与环境友好的一锅水相法取代。空气氛中简单焙烧即可完成催化剂前体的活化。不仅大大简化了催化剂制备,而且所得催化剂的小试性能优异,从而为后续应用奠定了重要基础。     

Truss-arch model for shear strength of seismic-damaged SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are important reinforcing substances which are widely used in the shear strengthening of seismic-damage steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame structures. To investigate the shear strength of SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets, experimental observations on eight seismic-damaged SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets were conducted at Yangtze University and existing experimental data of 49 SRC columns are presented. Based on the existing experiments, the theories of damage degree, zoning analysis of concrete, and strengthening material of the column are adopted. To present the expression formula of the shear strength of SRC frame columns strengthened with CFRP sheets, the contributions of strengthening material and transverse reinforcement to shear strength in the truss model are considered, based on the truss-arch model. The contribution of arch action is also considered through the analysis of the whole concrete and that of the three zones of the concrete are also considered. The formula is verified, and the calculated results are found to match well with the experimental results. Results indicate that the proposed whole analysis model can improve the accuracy of shear strength predictions of shear seismic-damaged SRC frame columns reinforced with CFRP sheets.     

磨木木素在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中的反应

在木糖存在的条件下,采用硫酸盐法蒸煮的方法对蓝花楹磨木木素(milled wood lignin,简称MWL)进行处理,然后对处理后的产物进行红外光谱和13C-NMR分析,研究蓝花楹MWL的结构变化,探讨在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中木素-碳水化合物复合体(lignin-carbohydrate complexes,简称LCC)的形成情况。研究发现:蓝花楹MWL结构单元之间的α-烷基芳基醚键、β-O-4型连接键很容易发生断裂,而在这些连接键发生断裂的同时,形成的木素中间体与糖产生化学键的结合,蒸煮液中有新的LCC结构形成。