Boron doping induced electronic reconfiguration of Fe-Nx sites in N-doped carbon matrix for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic media

Developing non-precious metal-based catalysts as the substitution of precious catalysts (Pt/C) in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for energy devices. Herein, a template and organic solvent-free method was adopted to synthesize Fe, B, and N doped nanoflake-like carbon materials (Fe/B/N–C) by pyrolysis of monoclinic ZIF-8 coated with iron precursors and boric acid. Benefiting from introducing B into Fe–N–C, the regulated electron cloud density of Fe-N_x sites enhance the charge transfer and promotes the ORR process. The as-synthesized Fe/B/N–C electrocatalyst shows excellent ORR activity of a half-wave potential (0.90 V vs 0.87 V of Pt/C), together with superior long-term stability (95.5% current density retention after 27 h) in alkaline media and is even comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst (with a half-wave potential of 0.74 V vs 0.82 V of Pt/C) in an acidic electrolyte. A Zn-air battery assembled with Fe/B/N–C as ORR catalyst delivers a higher open-circuit potential (1.47 V), specific capacity (759.9 mA h g^?1_Zn at 10 mA cm^?2), peak power density (62 mW cm^?2), as well as excellent durability (5 mA cm^?2 for more than 160 h) compared to those with commercial Pt/C. This work provides an effective strategy to construct B doped Fe–N–C materials as nonprecious ORR catalyst. Theoretical calculations indicate that introduction of B could induce Fe-N_x species electronic configuration and is favorable for activation of OH1 intermediates to promote ORR process.     

压水堆核电厂堆外源量程探测器计数率分析

压水堆核电厂启动过程中，次级中子源为堆外源量程探测器提供本底计数率，避免测量盲区，确保反应堆安全启动。但次级中子源的引入会为核电厂带来较大的经济和环境负担，同时也需承受次级中子源破损等带来的风险。为此，可使用受辐照燃料组件的自发裂变中子源进行替代，即无源启动方式。通过研究堆外源量程探测器计数率的理论计算方法，并基于运行电厂测量数据进行分析验证，为源量程探测器计数率的理论预估提供了较为完善的理论方法流程。本文结果可为无源启动源量程探测器计数率分析提供支持，同时也可用于次级中子源装载量或布置位置的优化分析等。     

钍归-化在盆地γ能谱资料处理中的应用

在应用γ能谱资料寻找砂岩型铀矿的过程中，要尽可能地消除非矿化因素引起的干扰，提取与铀矿化有关的信息。介绍了钍归-化的原理及特点，采用与矿化有关的元素迁移信息的钍归-化方法，分析了二连盆地东部的γ能谱资料，揭示了该区放射性元素的分布特征、地球化学作用和后期铀元素的迁移与富集。结合其他地质资料，分析了钾剩差的变异区（正、负高值区）及铀剩差正高值区形成的原因，同时指出了经过钍归-化处理所得到的铀剩差正高值区应为氧化与还原作用过渡带的直接指示，也是该区进一步寻找砂岩型铀矿的重要标志。     

抗震冷却塔金属淋水填料研究

冷却塔的冷却效果主要由淋水填料的冷却数和冷却塔的有效高度决定,淋水填料的换热性能决定了冷却塔的主要换热效果。为提高抗震冷却塔的抗震效果,淋水填料采用金属填料。通过在某工程中抗震冷却塔金属填料与普通塑料填料应用的对比分析,研究金属填料的特点及适用性,为抗震冷却塔的设计提供依据。     

Encapsulation mechanism of N2 molecules into the central hollow of carbon nitride multiwalled nanofibers

Nitrogen molecules have been encapsulated into the central hollows of vertically aligned carbon nitride (CN) multiwalled nanofibers by dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with C₂H₂, NH₃, and N₂ gases on a Ni/TiN/Si(1 0 0) substrate at 650 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra showed the existence of nitrogen molecules in CN nanofibers. Elemental mapping images with electron energy loss spectroscopy of the CN nanofiber and catalyst metal, and optical emission spectroscopy spectra of the plasma showed the distribution of nitrogen atoms and molecules in the CN nanofiber, catalyst metal, and gaseous precursor, respectively. These studies showed that atomic nitrogen diffused into the catalytic metal particle because of the concentration gradient and then saturated at the bottom of the particle. Saturated nitrogen atom participated in the formation of the CN nanofiber wall but most of nitrogen was trapped in the central hollow of the nanofiber as molecules.     

基于喉部出口流场的核电机组凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场数值研究

对凝汽器喉部流动进行数值模拟并提取数据,将喉部出口流场数据作为入口边界条件,对凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场进行了更准确的数值模拟和研究。结果表明,入口蒸汽均匀分布情况下,蒸汽在4个管束模块区域均呈现向心式的流动趋势;蒸汽入口不均匀分布情况下,蒸汽在两侧蒸汽通道内和中间蒸汽通道内有下冲流动,形成了对管束模块的包绕流动。因此,对于开展与凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流场分布相关性能的研究,建议基于喉部出口流场对凝汽器壳侧蒸汽流动进行数值模拟。     

DCS在秦山核电控制系统的应用

根据秦山第三核电厂备用循环冷却水系统的实际应用,本文介绍了WebField ECS-100分散控制系统的特点,及其在核电站备用循环冷却水控制系统上的应用,并对该系统的设计要点作了简要阐述。     

新型大跨度弦支穹顶结构的动力特性与抗震试验

弦支穹顶结构是一种新型的预应力钢结构体系,适用于大跨度空间结构的屋盖.为了保证北京奥运会羽毛球馆新型大跨度弦支穹顶结构的抗震性能.利用北京工业大学的九子台阵系统完成了对9.3 m弦支穹顶结构模型的动力特性试验和振动台试验.试验测得模型的多阶自振频率、振型,得到了模型在竖直地震动作用下的加速度、位移、杆件应变、索轴力的响应及响应变化规律.试验结果表明弦支穹顶结构振型密集,在八度大震作用下,具有良好的抗震性能.     

铀水冶厂贫树脂转型试验研究和应用

用H2SO4作转型剂对贫树脂转型,进行了小试和生产实际应用,结果表明,H2SO4可以把贫树脂中的Cl-转下来,并返回到淋洗工序利用,降低了淋洗工艺中NaCl的消耗,降低了尾液Cl-浓度,减少了铀的损失和废水排放量,降低了吸附尾液铀浓度,实现了节能减排的目的.     

高山开采铀矿山安全防护研究

某铀矿山位于海拔3000 m以上,属于高山采矿,由于高山采矿不但存在地质灾害频发、工业场地安全性较差的问题,更重要的是高山铀矿山开采过程中还有具有高山病和放射性危害。在矿山设计中,应充分考虑高原采矿的特殊性,采取有针对性的安全措施,降低矿山开采中风险,使井下生产能够安全、顺利的进行。