Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

天然胶乳床垫和枕芯的发展

综述介绍天然胶乳床垫和枕芯的生产工艺、产品特性以及存在的问题。天然胶乳床垫和枕芯的生产工艺主要有邓禄普法和塔勒莱法胶乳发泡工艺,塔勒莱法工艺先进,但受设备结构复杂和投资大的限制,只有少数公司采用;邓禄普法性价比高,工艺趋于完善,被大多数厂家采用。天然胶乳床垫和枕芯具有优异的弹性、支撑性、透气性和抑菌抗螨功能,与睡眠者有良好的贴合性,可提高睡眠质量。巨大的市场需求导致天然胶乳床垫和枕芯产品存在部分假冒伪劣和粗制滥造产品,需要监管部门尽快制订产品标准并加强管理,引导和规范天然胶乳床垫和枕芯生产行业健康发展。     

纳他霉素结合ε-聚赖氨酸对火龙果贮藏品质的影响

目的 探究纳他霉素与ε-聚赖氨酸复配对火龙果贮藏品质的协同作用,为火龙果保鲜技术提供参考。方法 以红肉火龙果为材料,采用3个复配浓度(纳他霉素与ε-聚赖氨酸的复配比例为1∶1,质量浓度分别为400、800、1 200 mg/L,分别记作处理1、处理2、处理3)处理火龙果,于温度(25±2)℃、相对湿度(75±5)%下贮藏,对火龙果的感官指标、内容物和抗氧化酶活性的变化进行分析。结果 贮藏0~12 d,与对照组相比,3个处理组的质量损失率明显降低,降低幅度为45.50%~57.06%(P＜0.05);腐烂率明显降低,降低幅度为16.31%~38.30%;硬度和L^*的降低幅度分别为8.88%~21.02%、4.25%~6.24%;可溶性固形物(TSS)含量和呼吸强度的降低幅度分别为3.13%~11.79%、2.41%~46.76%。在贮藏10 d期间,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(19.47%~33.98%);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别显著增加了1.09%~27.59%、1.11%~32.77%。在贮藏8 d内,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加了11.52%~36.19%;在贮藏12 d时,抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶(APX)活性显著提高了1.73%~23.98%。结论 3种处理均可延缓火龙果质量损失率和腐烂率的上升,减缓果皮L^*和硬度的下降速度,降低呼吸强度和MDA含量,提高SOD、CAT、POD、APX活性。其中,处理1(即400 mg/L ε-PL+400 mg/L Natamycin)更好地维持了火龙果的商业品质。     

Identification of genomic region associated with rice weevil resistance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is an important pest of stored sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with rice weevil resistance was analyzed using a F₁₀ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross 654 (susceptible) × LTR108 (resistant). Grain weight losses (GWL), flour production (FP), and percentage kernels damaged (PKD) were evaluated across two trails. A total of 21 QTLs for GWL, FP, and PKD were identified. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL varied from 4.14% to 15.51%. Both parents contributed resistance alleles. Several main effect QTLs affecting GWL, FP, and PKD were mapped to the same regions on chromosome 2. The identification of genomic regions associated with rice weevil resistance will be useful to understand the resistance mechanism and improve rice weevil resistance of sorghum by marker-aided approaches.     

A new approach to visualizing time-varying sensitivity indices for environmental model diagnostics across evaluation time-scales

Assessing the time-varying sensitivity of environmental models has become a common approach to understand both the value of different data periods for estimating specific parameters, and as part of a diagnostic analysis of the model structure itself (i.e. whether dominant processes are emerging in the model at the right times and over the appropriate time periods). It is not straightforward to visualize these results though, given that the window size over which the time-varying sensitivity is best integrated generally varies for different parameters. In this short communication we present a new approach to visualizing such time-varying sensitivity across time scales of integration. As a case study, we estimate first order sensitivity indices with the FAST (Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test) method for a typical conceptual rainfall–runoff model. The resulting plots can guide data selection for model calibration, support diagnostic model evaluation and help to define the timing and length of spot gauging campaigns in places where long-term calibration data are not yet available.     

Multi-wheat-model ensemble responses to interannual climate variability

We compare 27 wheat models' yield responses to interannual climate variability, analyzed at locations in Argentina, Australia, India, and The Netherlands as part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Pilot. Each model simulated 1981–2010 grain yield, and we evaluate results against the interannual variability of growing season temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. The amount of information used for calibration has only a minor effect on most models' climate response, and even small multi-model ensembles prove beneficial. Wheat model clusters reveal common characteristics of yield response to climate; however models rarely share the same cluster at all four sites indicating substantial independence. Only a weak relationship (R² ≤ 0.24) was found between the models' sensitivities to interannual temperature variability and their response to long-term warming, suggesting that additional processes differentiate climate change impacts from observed climate variability analogs and motivating continuing analysis and model development efforts.     

胡椒低温粉碎下粒径与风味品质的变化

该实验以黑胡椒和白胡椒为研究对象,考察-8℃下粉碎10、20、30、45、60 s及-16、-8、6℃下粉碎60 s对黑、白胡椒粉粒径分布、风味品质的影响。结果表明：粉碎温度、粉碎时间对黑、白胡椒粉的粒径分布、胡椒碱含量、胡椒精油含量影响差异显著。不同粉碎条件下黑、白胡椒粉平均粒径均在100μm以下,随粉碎时间的延长,黑、白胡椒粉平均粒径缓慢下降,随粉碎温度的升高,黑胡椒粒径分布先增加后减小,白胡椒粒径分布正相反。黑、白胡椒主要风味成分随粉碎时间、粉碎温度变化趋势不相同。加权分析结果显示黑胡椒在-8℃下粉碎30 s得分最高,为97.95;白胡椒在6℃下粉碎60 s得分最高,为100.00。颗粒大小与加工方式对胡椒风味成分影响显著,推荐黑胡椒的粉碎条件为-8℃下粉碎30 s,白胡椒的粉碎条件为6℃下粉碎60 s。实验结果对胡椒的粉粹加工及利用具有重要意义。     

20%咪鲜·三唑酮微乳剂的研制

咪鲜胺和三唑酮复配有一定的增效作用,本实验通过拟三相图对非离子与阴离子表面活性剂不同复配比例的选择和对乳化剂、溶剂、助溶剂、水质等的筛选,确定最佳的配方组合,并对该配方的剂型进行了质量指标的测试。     

天然胶乳和硅橡胶气囊导尿管的成型工艺与应用

气囊导尿管广泛应用于临床医疗,对比天然胶乳与硅橡胶气囊导尿管的性能、成型工艺和应用。天然胶乳具有优异的综合性能,采用多次浸渍工艺可制作各种规格和型号的气囊导尿管,但天然胶乳制品生物相容性差,天然胶乳气囊导尿管临床上存在过敏症、亚硝胺诱导致癌和残留硝酸钙刺激等安全风险。硅橡胶气囊导尿管临床上生物相容性和安全性较好,置留时间较长,但价格相对偏高。两种气囊导尿管各有市场需求,预计硅橡胶气囊导尿管将逐渐替代天然胶乳气囊导尿管。