Simulating Experiment for Temperature Field of Frozen Subgrade Using Regulation Tubes

The main factors that influence the temperature field of frozen subgrade were analyzed.The experimental equipment for simulating frozen subgrade was built up,and the declining regulating tubes were placed at the foot of the embankment. By means of this equipment two simulating experiments of controlling temperature filed of frozen subgrade were carried out in the laboratory. One method is to collect natural cold energy, and the other one is to collect natural cold energy ccompanied by artificial refrigeration simultaneously. The result indicates that the latter is an effective method for maintaining the stability of the frozen subgrade.     

Nonlinear Thermal Analysis for Qing-Tibet Railway Embankments in Cold Regions

Heat convection in ballast mass in railway embankments is a problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of the Qing-Tibet railway embankment from the governing equations used to study forced convection for incompressible fluids porous media, detailed finite-element formulas for heat convection in porous media are derived using Galerkin’s method. The temperature distributions on central lines of the traditional railway embankment, the ripped-rock embankment, and the ripped-rock revetment embankment that were constructed on July 15, 2002 have been analyzed and compared on July 15, October 15 in the 24th year after construction, and January 15 in the 25th year after construction under the climatic and geological conditions on the Qing-Tibet Railway. The calculated results indicate that the traditional railway embankment will raise the permafrost temperature under the embankment base and make the permafrost embankment thermally unstable. The ripped-rock embankment and the ripped-rock revetment embankment will reduce the permafrost temperature under the embankment base in cold regions, therefore maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost. However, the ripped-rock embankment needs more rock mass while the ripped-rock revetment embankment need less rock mass, and its construction cost is lower than that of the former. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-rock revetment embankment be used for the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high temperature permafrost regions so that the permafrost embankment can be protected as much as possible.     

基于全量补偿算法的结构损伤识别

频率和振型是反应结构动力特性的主要模态参数,文中对损伤结构的频率和振型进行了研究。通过实测损伤结构的频率和振型,利用矩阵理论修正理论有限元模型,使之与实测损伤结构的频率和振型一致;将修正的理论有限元模型表达成单元刚度矩阵与损伤因子的线性组合,把损伤识别问题转化为组合系数的识别问题。给定损伤因子的合理取值范围,用优化方法求解损伤因子。通过对十跨桁架结构的数值仿真,仅用结构的前5阶频率和振型就能很好的识别结构的损伤,且该方法不需要对实测振型进行归一化处理,具有较强的实用性。     

基于支持向量机(SVM)的祁连山典型小流域日降水-径流模拟研究

及时准确的日径流预测在流域水资源的合理规划、利用及管理中具有十分重要的作用。本文以支持向量机(SVM)模型为基础,以祁连山典型小流域-排露沟流域为研究区域,建立了流域日降水-径流模型,对流域未来1~7 d的日径流量进行了模拟预测。为检验SVM模型的有效性,模拟结果与人工神经网络(ANN)模型预测结果进行了对比。结果表明:SVM和ANN均表现出了很高的精度;但相比于传统的ANN模型,SVM模型的预测精度显著提高。表明SVM模型在半干旱山区小流域径流预测中有更好的适用性,可以用于流域中长期日径流预测,是资料有限的条件下中长期日径流预测的有效工具。     

基于WebGIS的渤海渔业服务系统设计与开发

面对日益恶化的海洋环境和不断减少的海洋资源,科学、规范地管理各种海洋资源对于渔业资源的可持续发展十分重要。结合地理信息系统利用渔业空间数据建立渔业分析模型,可为合理开发海洋渔业资源提供基本依据。介绍了在ArcGIS Server平台发布渔业空间数据和渔业分析模型服务,实现渤海渔业管理系统设计和开发的方法与过程,系统采用B/S架构基于Flex环境开发。通过要素服务和地理处理服务在客户端实现渔业数据的在线编辑及调用渔业分析模型,同时采用BlazeDS开源库和JavaScript语言,在Tomcat服务器的支持下实现服务器与客户端的数据通信,最终实现高效的渔业数据查询、可视化以及鱼群分布的分析和模拟。     

基于双EnKF的土壤水分与土壤属性参数同时估计

为提高土壤水分数据同化结果的精度,将基于双集合卡尔曼滤波(Dual Ensemble Kalman Filter,DEnKF)的状态-参数估计方案与简单生物圈模型(simple biosphere model 2,SiB2)相结合,同时更新土壤水分和优化模型参数(土壤属性参数)。选用2008年6月1日~10月29日黑河上游阿柔冻融观测站为参考站,开展了同化表层土壤水分观测数据的实验。研究结果表明:DEnKF可同时优化土壤属性参数和改进土壤水分估计,该方法对表层土壤水分估计的精度0.04高于EnKF算法的精度0.05。当观测数据稀少时,DEnKF算法仍然可以得到较高精度的土壤水分估计,3层土壤水分的估计精度在0.02~0.05之间。     

黑河综合遥感联合试验涡动相关通量数据处理及产品分析黑河综合遥感联合试验涡动相关通量数据处理及产品分析

涡动相关通量数据的处理及质量控制是保证各涡动观测台站数据质量的重要步骤。“黑河综合遥感联合试验”(Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research,WATER)从2007年底到现在连续观测积累了大量涡动相关通量观测资料。使用经过改进的EdiRe软件对盈科站、阿柔站和关滩站3个站点的原始涡动数据进行预处理和质量控制。通过异常值及野值点剔除、倾斜修正、超声虚温修正、时间滞后校正、频率响应修正和空气密度效应修正（WPL修正）等基本处理生成Level\|1数据产品;再通过大气状态平稳性检验、总体湍流特征检验以及湍流通量统计特征分析等初步质量控制,生成Level\|2数据产品。以盈科绿洲站2009年7月份涡动相关数据为例,着重介绍涡动相关数据处理过程中各校正方法的重要性及不同校正方法对湍流通量计算的贡献。结果表明：超声虚温修正后感热通量比修正前减少约7.7%;时间滞后校正后潜热通量和CO²通量分别增加了3.9%、2.7%;频率响应修正后感热通量、潜热通量及CO2通量分别增加了2.7%、10.5%、11.6%;WPL修正后潜热通量增加了1.7%,CO²通量减少了9.8%。最后将Campbell实时处理结果与Level\|1产品及Level\|2产品进行对比分析,并对黑河流域各涡动站做了总体数据精度评价,阿柔站数据质量最好,盈科站次之,关滩站较差。
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基于Web Service的在线水文模型服务研究

通过分析目前水文模型本地服务模式的不足,针对当前国内外Web Service技术在水文信息系统中的应用现状,设计并实现了一个基于Web Service技术的在线水文模型服务系统,示范了基于Web Service技术的网络数据获取、水文模型运行模拟等过程,说明基于Web Service技术的在线水文模型服务较好地实现了水文模型网络共享,支持异地模型访问。建议在线水文模型服务结构从网络数据库/数据中心获取数据,一定程度上解决了传统模式从本机上传海量数据等问题。这种在线水文模型服务模式节约了模型运行成本、降低了用户要求,在具体水文水资源管理事务中具有较好的应用和拓展前景。     

Retrieving soil temperature profile by assimilating MODIS LST products with ensemble Kalman filter

Proper estimation of initial state variables and model parameters are vital importance for determining the accuracy of numerical model prediction. In this work, we develop a one-dimensional land data assimilation scheme based on ensemble Kalman filter and Common Land Model version 3.0 (CoLM). This scheme is used to improve the estimation of soil temperature profile. The leaf area index (LAI) is also updated dynamically by MODIS LAI production and the MODIS land surface temperature (LST) products are assimilated into CoLM. The scheme was tested and validated by observations from four automatic weather stations (BTS, DRS, MGS, and DGS) in Mongolian Reference Site of CEOP during the period of October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2003. Results indicate that data assimilation improves the estimation of soil temperature profile about 1 K. In comparison with simulation, the assimilation results of soil heat fluxes also have much improvement about 13 W m^− 2 at BTS and DGS and 2 W m^− 2 at DRS and MGS, respectively. In addition, assimilation of MODIS land products into land surface model is a practical and effective way to improve the estimation of land surface variables and fluxes.     

基于C5.0决策树算法的西北干旱区土地覆盖分类研究——以甘肃省武威市为例

西北干旱区面积广阔,由于土地利用类型多样,成因复杂,对环境变化敏感、变化过程快、幅度大、景观差异明显等特点,在影像上表现出的“同物异谱”现象明显 |利用常规目视解译、监督非监督分类、人工参与的决策树分类等方法在效率或精度等方面各有其缺陷。采用机器学习C5.0决策树算法,综合利用地物波谱、NDVI、TC、纹理等信息,根据样本数据自动挖掘分类规则并对整个研究区进行地物分类。机器学习的决策树可以挖掘出更多的分类规则,C5.0算法对采样数据的分布没有要求,可以处理离散和连续数据,生成的规则易于理解,分类精度高,可以满足西北干旱区大面积的土地利用/覆被变化制图的需要。