Auto-registration of medium and high spatial resolution satellite images by integrating improved SIFT and spatial consistency constraints

Feature-based methods have been developed in the past decades for the registration of optical satellite images. However, it is still a challenging problem to handle well the registration between medium and high spatial resolution images due to the large difference of the spatial structural features and local details for the same objects. In this study, an automated co-registration technique is proposed that integrates an improved SIFT (I-SIFT) and a novel matching strategy called spatial consistency constraints (SCC) to cope with the large difference in spatial resolutions between the image pair. Three constraints on angle, distance, and ratio are introduced to re the initial matching features obtained by I-SIFT. Three groups of experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiments used high resolution multispectral and panoramic SPOT 5/6 images and Landsat 5/8 orthorectification images. Experimental results show that the registration error lies in about 1 pixel of high-resolution images and demonstrate that the proposed I-SIFT-SCC approach is suitable for fine registration of optical satellite images from medium spatial resolution to high spatial resolution with resolution ratio up to 6.     

高光谱激光雷达谱位合一的角度效应分析

高光谱激光雷达以其谱位合一的技术优势为实现超三维精准遥感观测提供了可行途径,因此成为当前激光雷达与高光谱遥感领域共同大力推进的前沿发展方向。目前已有多型原型系统研发出来并得到了原理性验证,然而针对其数据处理核心环节问题的基础技术仍较为欠缺。典型问题之一是不同波段回波信号受激光入射角度的影响,该角度效应限制了高光谱激光雷达实现高性能遥感。以芬兰空间信息研究所高光谱激光雷达原型系统扫描桦树树干为例探讨了该角度效应,发现了不同激光波段对不同入射角度的回波强度响应模式,推导出了角度效应的基本规律及其精细尺度的统计规律,为后续该方向的系统研发、数据处理及信息提取等提供了可借鉴的底层机理与技术基础。     

Spatiotemporal association patterns of multiple parameters in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and their relationships with ENSO

The northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWPO) is a region sensitive to global climate change and regional sea–air interactions. A number of remote-sensing images from the past three decades were used to define sensitive marine regions, which were then applied to determine the spatiotemporal association patterns of abnormal variations in marine environmental parameters using a quantitative association rule-mining method. The NWPO object 1 (NWPO-obj1) region (130°–150° E, 2°–15° N) and NWPO object 2 (NWPO-obj2) region (170°–180° E, 0°–8° N) showed more pronounced changes than elsewhere, and the monthly anomaly of sea-surface temperature (SSTA), monthly anomaly of sea-surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a), monthly anomaly of sea-level anomaly (SLAA), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events were closely related to one another in these two regions. In NWPO-obj1, the relation between SLAA and chl-a yields a correlation coefficient of ?0.79 and the abnormal drop in SLAA was the principal factor controlling the chl-a bloom. In NWPO-obj2, the SSTA is anti-correlated with chl-a (correlation coefficient of ?0.83), and the abnormal increase in SSTA might be one of the main factors leading to the extinction of chl-a. Comparing the two regions, abnormal increases in chl-a and decreases in SSTA in NWPO-obj2 were indicators of abnormal increases in SLAA in NWPO-obj1 (positive and negative correlation coefficients of 0.60 and ?0.61, respectively), and the abnormal decrease of SLAA in NWPO-obj1 is correlated with the abnormal decrease of SSTA in NWPO-obj2 (correlation coefficient of 0.86), although ahead by one year. In addition, the abnormal decrease of SLAA in NWPO-obj1 was the only factor influenced by El Niño, while La Niña events had an impact on the abnormal increase of SLAA in NWPO-obj1 and the abnormal decrease of SSTA in NWPO-obj2, and also dominated their interrelationships.     

Seasonal evolution of the interannual variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and its forcing factors in the northwestern Pacific from 1998 to 2010

The northwestern Pacific Ocean is a complex region with significant biological spatial variations on a seasonal timescale. To investigate the joint variation patterns on both seasonal and interannual timescales, a season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis was applied to seasonal mean chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the period 1998–2010. The first two dominant modes accounted for nearly 31% of the total interannual variance, with the second S-EOF mode (S-EOF2) lagging behind the first S-EOF mode (S-EOF1) by one year. S-EOF1 featured a strong variation pattern to the north of 30° N, with maximum chl-a in winter and minimum chl-a in summer. However, S-EOF2 indicated an opposite seasonally evolving pattern compared with S-EOF1, with chl-a increasing along the Kuroshio and extension current from boreal winter to autumn. Both these modes revealed significant relationships with climate-related indices. The two modes corresponded to the central Pacific (CP) La Niña developing episodes and the turnaround from eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña to CP El Niño, respectively. Both modes were associated with the cold phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which played an important role in prolonging the impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on chl-a seasonal evolution from 1998 to 2010. In addition, we discuss the possible factors dominating chl-a seasonal variation, in terms of the subregions of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean (15° N – 30° N), the chl-a growth was primarily nutrient-limited, whereas in the mid-latitude northwestern Pacific Ocean (35° N – 50° N), the chl-a growth was mainly light-limited.     

Recent climate variability and its impact on precipitation,temperature, and vegetation dynamics in the Lancang River headwater area of China

The alpine ecosystem is one of the most fragile ecosystems threatened by global climate change. The impact of climate variability on the vegetation dynamics of alpine ecosystems has become important in global change studies. In this study, spatially explicit gridded data, including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) product (MOD11A1/A2), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall product (3B43), and MODIS net primary productivity (NPP) product (MOD17A3), together with meteorological observation data, were used to explore the spatio-temporal pattern of climate variability and its impact on vegetation dynamics from 2000 to 2012 in the Lancang River headwater area. We found that the variation patterns of LST, precipitation, and NPP in the study area showed remarkable spatial differences. From the northwest to the southeast the spatial variation of average annual LST exhibited a decreasing–increasing–decreasing–increasing pattern. At the same time, most of the study area exhibited an increasing LST during the growing season. The annual precipitation increased in the semi-arid northern part, whereas it decreased in the semi-humid southern part. The precipitation variability during the growing season has a pattern similar to the annual precipitation variability. Although the majority of the regions have seen an NPP increase from 2000 to 2012, the responses of the vegetation to the varied climate factors were spatially heterogeneous. The alpine–subalpine meadows in the high-altitude areas were more sensitive to climate variability in the growing season. It is argued that satellite remote-sensing products have great potential in investigating the impact of climate variability on vegetation dynamics at the finer scale, especially for the Lancang River headwater area with complex surface heterogeneity.     

自然过程碳排放数据信息WebGIS

作为自然过程碳排放数据信息管理系统建设的重点内容,自然过程碳排放研究数据WebGIS系统的构建成为了本文的研究对象.该系统以Silverlight为客户端平台,以ArcGIS Server作为系统GIS服务器,结合WCF RIA Service、ArcGIS API for Silverlight等WebGIS技术进行了系统的框架结构和空间数据库的设计,给出了系统属性数据和空间数据的组织和Web访问策略,实现属性数据的网络动态查询、检索、统计和分析与空间数据的网络地图展示、空间分析和专题图制作等功能.在系统构建过程中,重点分析了其涉及的WebGIS关键技术和解决方案的具体实施.研究表明,基于Silverlight技术和ArcGIS Server平台构建的WebGIS系统,不仅能解决地理空间数据的发布与管理,快速高效进行系统功能的开发,同时还能满足用户对系统高交互性和响应时间的要求,并提高WebGIS系统的表现力.     

秦皇岛市海岸线遥感提取及变化监测

监测海岸线的变化是海岸带管理、海平面变化和海岸带演变研究中一项非常重要的任务,遥感技术凭借其高时效、大范围、低成本等特点正逐渐成为监测海岸线变化的重要手段。以秦皇岛市的海岸为例,结合海岸类型和潮位校正对高分辨率SPOT卫星影像进行海岸线提取,并利用同时期海岸线实地测量数据对海岸线提取进行精度验证,结果表明：使用该方法提取的海岸线精度较高。利用该方法得到研究区2006\,2009和2011年海岸线提取结果,通过叠加多时相海岸线监测其变化情况,并采用基线法定量分析北戴河砂质海岸线的变化,结果与实际情况相符。     

京津唐地区城市化对植被物候的影响研究

城市化过程使得土地利用、地表植被覆盖发生着显著的变化,如何定量化描述城市化对植被物候的影响越来越受到各方的关注。基于京津唐地区2001~2006年NDVI时间序列影像,得出了京津唐地区植被物候空间分布格局,计算出北京、天津、唐山3个核心城市城区的距离变量与平均植被物候,并分析了城市化对植被物候指标的影响趋势。结果表明:①2001~2006年,北京城市化使得城区及离城区较近的地方植被生长开始时间提前、结束时间推后、生长季周期变长、NDVI振幅减小;②天津和唐山的城市化使得城区及离城区较近的地方植被生长开始时间延后、结束时间提前、生长季周期变短\,NDVI振幅减小;③城市化对植被物候的影响与该地区城市扩张类型存在相关性关系。     

结合相位一致与全变差模型的高分辨率遥感图像边缘检测

目的边缘检测是有效利用遥感数据开展地物目标自动识别的重要步骤。高分辨率遥感图像地物类型复杂,细节信息过于丰富,使得基于相位一致的边缘检测结果中存在过多的噪声与伪边缘。为此提出了一种结合相位一致与全变差模型的高分辨率遥感图像边缘检测方法。方法根据相位一致原理,应用Log Gabor构造的2维相位一致模型,引入全变差去噪模型对基于相位一致的边缘强度图进行改进。结果借助有界变差空间对图像光滑性的约束,实现了高分辨率遥感图像噪声去除与伪边缘抑制,利用改进后的相位一致边缘强度图可有效检测高分辨率遥感图像的边缘。结论实验结果表明,与相位一致模型、Canny算法相比,该方法能消除了高分辨率遥感图像中同类地物内部细节特征形成的噪声,抑制相位一致边缘检测结果中的伪边缘,突出地物的真实边缘,并能正确地提取地物目标的整体轮廓信息,有助于后续地物目标的自动识别。