住宅辐射-送风末端冷负荷分担率研究——从热舒适及室内空气品质角度

以住宅建筑为研究对象,针对低、中、高负荷3种不同住宅负荷工况,对不同冷负荷条件下不同负荷分担率下的室内热环境进行了数值模拟,分别分析比较不同冷负荷分担率匹配时室内热舒适性水平及室内空气品质情况,从舒适和健康的角度,分析适宜的冷负荷分担率范围。研究结果表明辐射供冷末端承担的显热负荷分担率ωc〈0．7时,可将工作区人体热舒适性指标控制在舒适性标准允许范围内。从避免局部不舒适度方面讲,ωc宜取0．4～1。从室内空气品质角度讲,定风量模式低中负荷工况,ωc宜取0．5～0．9,高负荷工况,叫。宜取0．35～0．6;变风量模式,ωc值越小,室内空气品质越好。     

“May the Force move you”: Roles and actors of information sharing devices in urban mobility

The innovation recently brought into the market for mobility innovation (by apps, social networks and sharing economy practices) impacts upon the economic appeal of urban areas and strongly influences the preferences of individuals in happiness, lifestyles and related aspect of urban consumption. Several sharing devices are nowadays producing such effects, offering innovative solutions to support the availability of mobility supply. They do so by conveying useful tools to the whole community of users, by proposing new ways of producing knowledge and services, and by favoring symmetric information in the urban mobility market. The paper aims to discuss the impact of these innovation devices in shaping individual’s mobility preferences, by drawing on a wide set of experiences that have introduced new technologies and shared mobility practices that provide significant information related to mobility. Drawing on a literature review referred to a wide set of new technologies and shared mobility practices based on significant information related to mobility, the paper draws its discussion on three analytical dimensions: the role that information has in shaping individual mobility choices, and how it may interact with individual preferences and needs; the varied forms of relevant mobility information made available by information-sharing devices; the many actors (corporations, public administrations, community groups…) who produce information collecting data and making them available in different forms. Drawing on these elements, a policy framework is discussed, to define suitable operational approaches to urban mobility that are more attentive to individual needs and more effective in terms of sustainability.     

新疆某铀矿酸法和CO_2地浸采区地下水的污染特征及机理

为研究酸法和CO_2地浸采铀对地下水的影响,对新疆伊犁盆地的酸法和CO_2地浸采区的地下水水质进行采样分析。结果表明,酸法地浸开采时地下水中绝大部分组分含量均明显高于地下水本底值和国家地下水Ⅲ类质量标准,总矿化度超过国家地下水Ⅲ类标准11倍左右,超标的组份主要有硫酸根、锰、镍、铁、铅、锌、镉、砷等重金属元素和钍等放射性元素。CO_2地浸对地下水各个组分浓度影响要小得多,pH基本不变,总矿化度高出国家地下水Ⅲ类质量标准2.6倍左右,地下水中主要的污染因子为硫酸根离子、硝酸根离子、氯离子、锰离子和镍离子,而铜、锌、镉、铅、铁、砷等其它组分浓度未发生显著变化。酸法采区中的单项污染指数依次为FeMnNiPbSO_4~(2-)ZnAsCd,CO_2采区中单项污染指数依次为NO_3~-MnNiSO_4~(2-)Cl~-。酸法采区地下水综合污染指数比CO_2采区高3～384倍。污染物主要来源于人为注入的化学试剂和含矿层中矿物反应释放的组分,两种地浸方法由于加入的溶浸剂不同导致地下水的地球化学环境和污染特征存在显著差异。     

Enhanced hydrodesulphurization of cokes deposited on iron ore by air gasification

The influence on air-gasification of cokes deposited on iron ores were studied in under successive desulphurization at 750 °C under atmospheric hydrogen. Gasification promoted by steam (water: 40 μl min⁻¹) at 350 °C for 125 min gasified 21% of the coke and allowed 25% oxidative desulphurization (based on sulphur in the coke) during the gasification and enhanced the successive hydrodesulphurization level up to 63% giving a total desulphurization of 88%. This level is comparable with that achieved after grinding. Gasification at higher temperatures, which burned more coke, was less effective in enhancing hydrosedulphurization. Gasification increases the access of hydrogen molecules to sulphur atoms in the coke. Gasification, which increases the surface area of the coke and removes the sulphur preferentially, is discussed in terms of reactivity.     

Transportation interface facilities design using interactive high-level computer graphics

A prototype pedestrian facilities design system is described. The design system exploits the capabilities of an intelligent high-resolution vector graphics workstation which features a highly interactive computer graphics environment. A summary of historical developments in pedestrian facility design and graphics workstation architecture is presented, followed by a discussion of the stochastic model and interactive computer graphics features utilized by a prototype facilities design system. Potential applications of such a design system are discussed, and promising areas of future development are outlined.     

Finite element method for analysis of frozen earth structures

A finite element model employing the “viscoplastic flow rule” and the von Mises yield function was developed for frozen soil in the multiaxial stress state. A weighting procedure, which evaluates “effective creep parameters”, was proposed to account for the substantial differences in creep parameters in tension and compression. For reinforced frozen earth structures, bond behavior between the reinforcement and frozen soil was modeled by bond interface elements with nonlinear properties inferred from experiments. Numerical examples include the creep behavior of an open excavation supported by plain and by reinforced frozen walls.     

澳大利亚某锂辉石矿预先脱泥——浮选试验研究

澳大利亚某进口锂辉石矿含有较多的矿泥,对浮选作业产生不利影响,试验采用水力沉降法、浮选法等不同方法对锂辉石矿进行预先脱泥,考察了不同方法的脱泥效果及对后续锂辉石浮选的影响。研究发现以十二烷基硫酸钠作为浮选药剂对锂辉石矿进行浮选脱泥取得了最佳的脱泥效果,脱除的矿泥量大、含锂品位低、矿泥中锂的损失小,脱泥后再浮选锂辉石,获得的锂辉石粗精矿品位有了很大程度的提高。预先脱泥后的锂辉石矿经过一次粗选两次精选三次扫选的浮选流程,可获得良好的选矿指标。闭路试验表明,该进口锂辉石矿原矿Li_2O含量为1.42%,经预先脱泥—浮选锂辉石选别流程处理后,获得的锂辉石精矿Li_2O品位为5.83%,Li_2O回收率为78.54%。     

Fe2+/UV催化臭氧法降解腈纶废水

 研究了Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧对腈纶废水的降解特性,分析了[Fe²⁺]/[O₃]质量浓度比、气相臭氧质量浓度和光强各因素对Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧降解性能的影响规律,讨论了Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧工艺光催化反应动力学特征,并利用红外光谱分析法表征了废水中有机物基团的变化。结果表明,当[Fe²⁺]/[O₃]质量浓度比为3.2~3.8、气相臭氧质量浓度为20～30mg/L和光量子流密度为8.62×10-12 Einstein时,催化效果较好。Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧工艺降解腈纶废水符合类一级动力学反应,初始COD值在320~400 mg/L范围内,一级反应速率常数为0.01518~0.01762 min-1。温度对动力学影响具有双重性,温度为25~30℃反应最快。经Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧降解后,腈纶废水中有机基团被有效降解。     

Integration of parametric design into modular coordination: A construction waste reduction workflow

The construction industry is under pressure as to reduce the sizable quantities of construction waste generated during construction operations. Modular coordination (MC) and parametric design both have great potentials in reducing waste at the design stage. And anecdotal evidence suggests that great volumes of waste can be reduced through integration of parametric design into MC. The issue of proposing workflows in this context, however, is under-researched, and practical applications, if any, are at the rhetorical stage. To accomplish this, an integration attempt is made in this study to provide the details of a developed-and-experimented workflow for this purpose; a generative algorithm is developed through the Rhinoceros 3D–Grasshopper platform, subject to MC rules. Two sets of horizontal and vertical modules are obtained from a prototype model, while an evolutionary solver function is applied in reducing the generated construction waste volume. According to a pre-defined standard specification, different modular design variants that fully conform to the design constraints in modules array are developed, providing an operational workflow in construction waste reduction at the design stage. Introducing this workflow, and how the proposed workflow reduces the volume of post-optimization paneling waste by 2% at its minimum are the major findings here. The insights derived from this study, would promote the interest of both the construction practitioners and researchers; the practicality of integrating parametric design into MC is proven.     

基于博弈论组合赋权的硫化矿山炸药自爆危险性GRA-TOPSIS评价模型

在构建硫化矿山炸药自爆危险性评价体系的基础上, 运用博弈论(GT)协同层次分析法(AHP)所得主观权重和熵值法所得客观权重来获得综合权重, 以提高指标权重的精确性; 将灰色关联分析法(GRA)与逼近于理想解的排序法(TOPSIS)相结合应用于硫化矿山炸药自爆危险性评价。以国内典型硫化矿山为例, 运用GRA-TOPSIS评价模型对炸药自爆危险性展开评价, 所得评价结果与矿山实际情况相符。对比了GRA-TOPSIS评价模型与单独使用TOPSIS、GRA模型以及其他模型的评价结果, 证明了GRA-TOPSIS模型的准确性与优越性。