Rip currents near coastal structures in Lake Michigan: Characterization and assessment for warnings

Rip currents near coastal structures commonly occur in Lake Michigan in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Lack of timely warning due to undocumented characteristics of rip currents and no assessment tool can contribute to tragic drownings incidents. In this paper, we characterized rip current occurrences near breakwater structures and developed an assessment tool for providing timely rip current warnings to beachgoers at the study site, City of Port Washington, WI. Characteristics of rip currents near the structure were observed from field measurements or visual images. Deflection rip currents had speeds of ～ 0.2 m/s and lasted for several hours. The rip current occurrences were associated with environmental proxies. It was found that rip currents can occur even when the water appears calm near the structure. A Structure Rip Checklist and Assessment Matrix (SRiCAM) with a four-tiered risk was developed and validated using observations. Furthermore, the SRiCAM was integrated into cyberinfrastructure with a data contingency plan to provide real-time warnings to the public. The applicability of the SRiCAM to other locations across Lake Michigan was further tested and results are promising. Overall, the SRiCAM has the potential to be widely extended to foster recreational water safety and resilience to rip current hazards in the Great Lakes.     

Multi-innovation auto-constructed least squares identification for 4 DOF ship manoeuvring modelling with full-scale trial data

This research is concerned with the problem of 4 degrees of freedom (DOF) ship manoeuvring identification modelling with the full-scale trial data. To avoid the multi-innovation matrix inversion in the conventional multi-innovation least squares (MILS) algorithm, a new transformed multi-innovation least squares (TMILS) algorithm is first developed by virtue of the coupling identification concept. And much effort is made to guarantee the uniformly ultimate convergence. Furthermore, the auto-constructed TMILS scheme is derived for the ship manoeuvring motion identification by combination with a statistic index. Comparing with the existing results, the proposed scheme has the significant computational advantage and is able to estimate the model structure. The illustrative examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, especially including the identification application with full-scale trial data.     

我国旱涝交替事件识别及演变规律

为了识别我国旱涝交替事件以及探究其时空演变规律,引入降雨距平指数(RAI),并提出了一种在月尺度上识别旱涝交替事件的简便易操作的研究方法。结果表明:我国旱涝交替事件具有明显的年内分布规律,4—8月份旱涝交替事件发生频次明显增加,8月份以后,旱涝交替事件发生次数减少。不同月份,旱涝交替事件高频区的分布也不同,4—6月份主要在华南地区,6—9月份主要在西南、华中、华北和东北地区。总体而言,全国旱涝交替发生的频率呈现东南高西北低的特点。而旱涝交替强度的空间格局与频率完全不同,呈现出西北高东南低的特点。21世纪以来,珠江流域、黄河、海河流域片旱转涝事件发生频率呈上升趋势;全国旱涝交替事件强度无明显变化趋势。研究成果能为我国旱涝灾害管理与防控提供科学参考,具有较强的实用价值。     

Enhanced anti-biofilm activity of facile synthesized silver oxide nanoparticles against K. pneumoniae

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - The silver oxide nanoparticle was successfully synthesized using floral waste by simple one pot, cost effective method. The complete...     

高压粉末制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中28种组分

常规粉末压片制样是一种简单、高效的绿色环保制样技术,但是应用于某些沉积物样品制备存在样片表面粗糙和粉末容易脱落的问题。实验采用高于常规的压力进行样品制备,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析海洋沉积物样品中包括硫、氧化钠、氧化镁、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、氧化钙、二氧化钛、氧化锰、三氧化二铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钒、铬、镓、铌、锆、钇、锶、铷、铅、钡、镧、钕和铪在内的28种主、微量组分的方法。探讨了压力为300 kN和1 600 kN时的制样效果,并尝试引入BP神经网络模型利用其非线性拟合能力校正主量组分的基体效应。结果表明,采用1 600 kN压力制备的样片,表面致密、光滑、不龟裂和不掉粉,制样重复性和测试精密度也有较大提高。以55个有证标准物质中17种组分的数据集为训练样本,建立了海洋沉积物样品中主、微量组分的遗传算法-BP神经网络预测模型。按照实验方法对各组分含量相对较低的实际样品连续测试12次,计算得方法的检出限在 0.63～634 μg/g之间;精密度试验结果表明,各组分测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)为0.16%～25.1%。方法用于海洋沉积物实际样品分析,其分析结果与国标法的测定结果吻合,能够满足海洋沉积物样品中多种组分准确分析的要求。     

滩地刚性植物消浪作用特性研究

滩地植物有利于保障沿海地区的水安全,量化成熟期植物消浪作用是提升生态海岸韧性的基础。本文基于一般试验规律和两种波高消减模型,分析提出了新的滩地植物消浪系数计算方法,结合波高条件可计算林带消浪后波高,相关表达式由大量试验数据进行了验证,最后对比了由本文方法与规范方法计算的林带后波高。结果表明,阻尼因数及消浪系数能直观体现植物消浪作用特性,波浪传播方向上植物面积占横截面比例是影响植物消浪机理的关键无量纲参数。植物非淹没时,本文方法得到的林带后波高与规范方法接近;植物淹没时,本文方法能更准确描述植物消浪作用。相较于规范方法,本文方法考虑了植物淹没情况,直观揭示了林带密度、宽度、高度,植物平均直径,水深等参数的影响,适用于更多工况。基于植物消浪作用的模型可快速研判相关参数变化对植物消浪效果的影响,为生态海堤滩地刚性植物规划设计及数模研究提供科学和技术支撑。     

Analysis of light propagation characteristic in the aero-optic flow field of cone-headed vehicle with side window

Aero-optic imaging deviation research is carried out for infrared-guided vehicle with cone-head side window, with a focus on the propagation characteristics of light in an aero-optic flow field. When the light entering the aero-optic flow field from the free-stream should be close to the normal, numerous data indicate that the light is refracted away from the normal. This paper divides the aero-optic flow field into two parts and uses the gas density distribution in the aero-optic flow field to ...     

50 kW双透平气浮转子系统动力学特性研究

本文以海洋温差能发电为背景,设计了以气体轴承为支撑的50 kW双透平转子系统。应用ANSYS分析软件,对50 kW双透平转子系统进行动力学仿真计算分析,首先采用模态分析法求得了转子系统各阶临界转速及固有频率;其次,基于模态分析进行谐响应分析,得到叶轮径向幅频特性曲线,验证了转子系统能保持稳定运行;最后,对叶轮进行了离心应力分析。结果表明:双透平转子系统的临界转速为16 241.0 r/min,设计的工作转速符合安全裕度;系统在受到外界激振力时叶轮不会与喷嘴发生碰撞;叶轮的最大变形发生在叶尖处,且从叶片顶部到根部逐渐减小,最大应力发生在叶片顶端靠近轴孔的根部,叶轮在工作时不会损坏叶片。研究结果可为双透平试验与结构优化提供一定的理论依据。     

硫系集成光频梳（特邀）

硫系玻璃集成光学微腔（硫系微腔）具有高线性折射率和高非线性系数、超宽透光窗口、较低的热光系数,并且可通过常规半导体微纳加工技术实现精确的色散调控,在非线性集成光子学领域备受关注。近年来,来自中山大学的研究者们开发了新型Ge₂₅Sb₁₀S₆₅硫系材料平台并实现了一系列具有高品质的硫系集成光子器件。主要综述了基于硫系微腔实现集成孤子光频梳产生和调控方面的工作。通过不断优化集成光子器件的加工工艺,实现了具有高品质因子（Q>106）的集成微环谐振腔,进一步通过精确的色散调控分别在该硫系集成微腔内实现了低泵浦功率的锁模光孤子频梳和宽带可调谐的拉曼-克尔光频梳。     

基于复杂结构信息的图神经网络序列推荐算法

图结构因其在序列推荐场景中的自然适应性而备受关注,而现有的基于图神经网络的会话序列推荐算法虽然能够利用图结构信息达到较好的推荐效果,但是没有考虑用户在会话序列中的重复点击行为和项目之间的复杂转换,且未很好地利用图中复杂的结构信息,导致推荐的效果受到一定程度的限制。提出有向与无向信息同注意力相融合的图神经网络序列推荐算法,并基于推荐算法给出项目隐含向量建模算法,结合会话序列图中的有向结构信息与无向结构信息,通过考虑用户的重复点击行为和引入注意力机制建立会话中点击项目的复杂转换模型。图节点在特征传播的过程中平衡邻居节点信息与自身信息的比例,以更准确地预测推荐过程中生成的会话向量。在Diginetica、Yoochoose 1/64、Yoochoose 1/4 3个数据集上的实验结果表明,与SR-GNN、TAGNN算法相比,该算法精度最高提升4.34%,能够更好地预测用户在会话中的下一次点击精度。