Variability of light absorption properties in optically complex inland waters of Lake Chaohu,China

Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, colored detrital matter (CDM), non-algal particles (NAP), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and their relative contributions to total non-water absorption (a_t ? w) are essential variables for bio-optical and radiative transfer models. Light absorption properties showed large range and variability sampled at 194 stations throughout Lake Chaohu between May 2013 and April 2015. The a_t ? w was dominated by phytoplankton absorption (a_ph) and NAP absorption (a_d). The contribution of CDOM absorption to a_t ? w was lower than 30%. Phytoplankton and NAP were the primary sources of spatial and vertical variability in absorption properties. Light absorption by CDOM, though significant in magnitude, was relatively constant. CDM absorption (a_dg) was dominated by NAP. The spatial variation of the absorption coefficients from each of the optically active constituents were driven by several main inflow rivers in the western and middle part of Lake Chaohu. Algal blooms and bottom resuspension contributed to vertical variability as observed by phytoplankton and NAP profiles. Specific absorption of phytoplankton had significant spatial and seasonal variations without vertical variation. The spectral slope of absorption showed no significant spatial variability (p > 0.05). Variations of absorption affected different ranges of remote sensing reflectance (R_rs) spectrum, thereby increasing the difficulty of applying the remote sensing algorithm in optically complex waters. Parameters and relationships presented in this study provide useful information for bio-optical models and remote sensing of lakes similar to Lake Chaohu in terms of optical properties.     

A comprehensive approach to evaluating watershed models for predicting river flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services

Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices.     

基于ERP的电力物资平衡利库系统

为贯彻电力物资精益化管理要求,加快构建储备合理、周转高效的物资仓储管理体系,实现物资需求计划与现有库存物资的有效匹配,不断提高仓储管理水平,提升库存资源利用效率,提出基于ERP实现电力物资平衡利库系统。通过介绍平衡利库的业务理念、应用策略,以及基于ERP对平衡利库系统的最终实现,为提升物资精益化管理水平打下坚实的基础。     

2，4－二硝基－6－氰苯胺的合成研究

以水杨酸为原料，经硝化、酰卤化、氨化等三步反应，得到重要的染料中间体２，４－二硝基－６－氰苯胺，总收率７０．５％。     

Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs), was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently, the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d, generating two main degraded products: mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP, the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp., the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Rhizobium sp., and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.     

畜禽粪便快速微生物发酵生产有机肥的研究

利用优选获得的微生物菌剂快速发酵畜禽粪便生产有机肥,并进行温室及大田的肥效试验.结果表明,经优选的微生物菌剂可有效提高发酵温度,缩短发酵腐熟时间(基本腐熟时间仅为25 d),且腐熟质量佳.温室试验和大田试验均表明,施用经微生物菌剂发酵制备的有机肥较非菌剂发酵有机肥更能促进作物生长,增加产量,有利于改善作物品质(降低作物硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量),且可在一定程度上增加作物的抗病性.     

天然橡胶不同硫化体系磨耗微观结构的研究

通过对天然橡胶不同硫化体系硫化胶磨耗前后的红外光谱分析，得知常温下硫化胶的磨耗历程是具有氧化反应的力化学反应，单，双硫键较多的硫化胶具有较好的耐磨性。     

面向服务一体化的网上办事平台

建设网上办事平台是《教育信息化2.0行动计划》对高校智慧校园建设的必然要求.本文结合实际网上办事服务平台案例,从服务多校区一体化管理的视角,提出了符合多校区管理需求的一体化建模、要素、方法和步骤,设计基于工作流引擎的组件体系和服务用户统一交互界面,通过实际示例分析说明建模方法和设计的有效性,并在实际业务中发挥了作用.     

改进核密度估计的空间点密度算法

针对常用的核密度估计在计算离散点密度上存在的诸多局限,提出了空间点密度算法。该算法在保持点离散属性与初始空间位置的基础上,设定分箱规则,获取离散点最近的格网点坐标;通过遍历,统计并计算每个搜索邻域内点的数量,以离散点初始坐标与点密度值为输出结果。以USGS的美国大陆地下水资源数据集展开实验研究,采用可视化输出与时间复杂度为验证指标,与核密度估计算法进行对比验证。实验结果表明,该算法提高了点密度的识别性,获取了离散点真实的密度值,可视化效果与精度方面均优于ArcGIS 10.4.1与kde2d核密度分析的结果、运算效率优于kde2d算法。     

Variability of sedimentary phosphorus fractions in the western and Sandusky basins of Lake Erie

Surface sediments and three sediment cores from the western basin and one sediment core from the Sandusky basin were analyzed to document spatial and temporal changes in five phosphorus fractions and total phosphorus (TP). The areal distributions of the bioavailable fractions NaCl-Pi, NaBD-Pi, and NaOH-Pi and the refractory organic fraction Res-P were broadly consistent and contrasted with those of the detrital fraction HCl-Pi which showed that high concentrations occurred mostly in high-energy littoral zones and low concentrations largely in profundal depositional areas. The contrasting distributions were induced by interactions among tributary inputs, wave action, circulation, and biogeochemical cycling and transfer in the basin. As revealed by the Sandusky basin sediment record, the detrital fraction HCl-Pi was dominant (70% of TP) during European settlement and decreased rapidly by 28.0% in the early 1910s due largely to impoundments of the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers. While HCl-Pi has ever since remained relatively constant, NaCl-Pi, NaBD-Pi, and NaOH-Pi increased significantly between 1950 and 1970 in the two basins. However, the post-regulation sediment records differed considerably among these coring sites. There was a marked increase of TP in two cores, corresponding to recent return of eutrophication and massive harmful algal blooms but contrasting with a relatively constant, low loading into the lake. This signified the role of internal loading as derived partialy from legacy pollution. Furthermore, NaCl-Pi has increased progressively throughout all the records. We conclude that the increased levels of NaCl-Pi in surface sediments may have altered the internal loading and contributed to the resurgences of harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie.