The effect of particle size distribution on the microstructure and properties of Al2O3 ceramics formed by stereolithography

Stereolithography (SL) shows advantages for preparing alumina-based ceramics with complex structures. The effects of the particle size distribution, which strongly influence the sintering properties in ceramic SL, have not been systematically explored until now. Herein, the influence of the particle size distribution on SL-manufactured alumina ceramics was investigated, including bending strength at room temperature, post-sintering shrinkage, porosity, and microstructural morphology. Seven particle size distributions of alumina ceramics were studied (in μm/μm: 30/5, 20/3, 10/2, 5/2, 5/0.8, 3/0.5, and 2/0.3); a coarse:fine particle ratio of 6:4 was maintained. At the same sintering temperature, the degree of sintering was greater for finer particle sizes. The particle size distribution had a larger influence on flexural strength, porosity and shrinkage than sintering temperature when the particle size distribution difference reached 10-fold but was weaker for 10 μm/2 μm, 5 μm/2 μm and 5 μm/0.8 μm. The sintering shrinkage characteristics of cuboid samples with different particle sizes were studied. The use of coarse particles influenced the accuracy of small-scale samples. When the particle size was comparable to the sample width, such as 30 μm/5 μm and 5 mm, the width shrinkage was consistent with the height shrinkage. When the particle size was much smaller than the sample width, such as 2 μm/0.3 μm and 5 mm, the width shrinkage was consistent with the length shrinkage. The results of this study provide meaningful guidance for future research on applications of SL and precise control of alumina ceramics through particle gradation.     

银耳多糖超声波提取工艺优化及抗BV2细胞炎症的作用研究

以银耳为原料, 采用超声波辅助热水浸提法提取银耳多糖, 以多糖提取率为指标, 以超声波功率、提取料液比、提取温度和提取时间为影响因素, 设计单因素试验, 并通过正交试验得到较佳提取工艺。通过用TRPV1(Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid1)试剂盒检测了小胶质细胞TRPV1的释放水平, 与脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide, LPS)对照组相比, 不同质量浓度的银耳多糖组(62.5, 250, 1000 μg/mL)均能不同程度地抑制TRPV1的释放量。说明了银耳多糖对于BV2小胶质细胞炎症具有良好的抑制作用。     

基于新型信息素更新策略的蚁群算法*

深入研究了蚁群优化算法（ACO）的路径搜索及参数控制策略,分析了其存在的缺陷。为了提高ACO算法的解题能力,提出一种新型信息素更新策略（PACS）,然后将PACS算法与其他蚁群算法分别应用于旅行商问题（TSP）进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,PACS算法具有优良的全局优化性能,可抑制算法过早收敛于次优解,有效防止了停滞现象,收敛速度也大大加快。     

自然图像抠图技术综述

着重对近几年自然图像抠图研究新进展进行综述,针对近年来基于启发式优化的抠图研究以及基于深度学习的抠图研究新成果对抠图研究工作进行重新分类和梳理,分析不同类型自然图像抠图研究主要的方法并整理其中的关键问题,介绍常用的自然图像抠图评价指标。最后通过实例分析总结了当前自然图像抠图研究面临的挑战,并对未来的研究前景进行了探讨。     

An intelligent fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packer analysis and hybrid support vector machines

In this paper, a new intelligent method for the fault diagnosis of the rotating machinery is proposed based on wavelet packet analysis (WPA) and hybrid support machine (hybrid SVM). In fault diagnosis for mechanical systems, information about stability and mutability can be further acquired through WPA from original signal. The faulty vibration signals obtained from a rotating machinery are decomposed by WPA via Dmeyer wavelet. A new multi-class fault diagnosis algorithm based on 1-v-r SVM approach is proposed and applied to rotating machinery. The extracted features are applied to hybrid SVM for estimating fault type. Compared to conventional back-propagation network (BPN), the superiority of the hybrid SVM method is shown in the success of fault diagnosis. The test results of hybrid SVM demonstrate that the applying of energy criterion to vibration signals after WPA is a very powerful and reliable method and hence estimating fault type on rotating machinery accurately and quickly.     

紫外光催化辅助SiC抛光过程中化学反应速率的影响

目的为了探究紫外光催化辅助抛光过程中,化学反应速率对SiC化学机械抛光的影响规律。方法通过无光照、光照抛光盘和光照抛光液3种光照方式,研究紫外光催化辅助作用对单晶SiC抛光过程中材料去除率的影响。测量不同条件下光催化反应过程中的氧化还原电位(ORP)值,来表征光催化反应速率,并进行了单晶SiC的紫外光催化辅助抛光实验,考察光催化反应速率对抛光效果的影响规律。结果实验表明,引入紫外光催化辅助作用后,材料去除率提高14%～20%,随着材料去除率的增加,光催化辅助作用对材料去除率的影响程度变小。光照射抛光液方式的材料去除率明显高于光照射抛光盘。不同条件下的抛光结果显示,化学反应速率越快,溶液的ORP值越高,材料去除率越大,表面粗糙度越低。在光照抛光液、H_2O_2体积分数4.5%、TiO_2质量浓度4 g/L、光照强度1500 mW/cm~2、pH=11的条件下,用W0.2的金刚石磨料对SiC抛光120 min后,能够获得表面粗糙度Ra=0.269 nm的光滑表面。结论在单晶SiC的紫外光催化辅助抛光过程中,光催化反应速率越快,溶液ORP值越高,抛光效率越高,表面质量越好。在H_2O_2浓度、TiO_2浓度、光照强度、pH等4个因素中,对抛光效果影响最大的是H_2O_2浓度,光照强度主要影响光催化反应达到稳定的时间。     

Optimization of Co-content in C14 Laves phase multi-component alloys for NiMH battery application

The structural, electrochemical, and gas phase hydrogen storage properties of predominantly C14 crystalline phase alloys with partial replacement by Co (up to 2.5 at%) are reported. Minor phases, including C15 and cubic TiNi, were found by X-ray diffraction and contributed to the improved hydrogen diffusion through the alloy. The optimal Co-content of between 1.0 and 1.5 at% provides easy activation, high gas phase capacity, and a high discharge capacity. An optimized alloy formula also provided the smallest metallic nickel cluster size embedded in the surface oxide and the largest number of nickel clusters. In sealed cell studies, a Co-content of 1.5% gives the best performance in formation, cycle life, and charge retention, but has worse specific power and low temperature performance than some other compositions. The high-rate dischargeabilities at lower rates were found to be limited by surface reactions, not bulk diffusion.     

CFG桩网复合地基加固物流地坪深厚软土地基的三维数值模拟分析

结合湖州某物流园采用CFG桩网复合地基处理大面积深厚软土的工程实例,运用Midas GTS有限元软件建立桩网人工复合地基三维固结模型,计算模拟不同垫层厚度、土工格栅层数、桩长等设计参数对沉降变形的影响以及土工格栅在桩网固结模型中的受力特征。计算结果表明:地基整体沉降变形随填土垫层厚度的增加而增大,随土工格栅层数的增加而减小,随桩长增加而减小;土工格栅最大拉力随着土工格栅层数增加而减小,在桩帽顶部角点处产生部分应力集中,且在桩帽之间挠度明显增加。为此,控制垫层厚度、土工格栅层数、桩长等措施能有效减小地基沉降变形,为今后软基沉降控制等相关工程提供借鉴。     

Configuration and characters of novel Li2TiO3 tritium breeder cubic units with tuned channel structure via lithography-based 3D printing

Li₂TiO₃ is regarded as a vital tritium breeder candidate due to its favorable properties in Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed. However, the point contact stress breakage for traditional pebble structure can cause the blocking of tritium recovery system, and seriously reduce the safety and tritium self-sufficiency ability of fusion reactor. For addressing above problems, in this paper, complex-shaped Li₂TiO₃ cubic units were manufactured firstly via lithography-based 3D printing. According to the principle of tritium transport, the cubic unit structures with ordered channels were built and evaluated by finite element analysis. The photocuring parameters were optimized to improve printing accuracy by establishing an overgrowth model. After optimizing the sintering schedule, the Li₂TiO₃ cubic units with excellent relative density (92.3%TD) and packing factor (80.99%) were yielded, and it also had an outstanding compressive strength (84.4 MPa). The results of thermal cycling test shown that the Li₂TiO₃ cubic units possessed a prominent thermal cyclic durability.     

陶瓷金卤灯发展的关键——多晶氧化铝陶瓷泡壳（上）

本文简述了陶瓷金卤灯的特征特性，分析了灯对陶瓷材料的要求，对比了某些陶瓷材料的结构成分及对陶瓷灯的影响，对国产陶瓷材料及泡壳进行了分析研究并给出了部分分析结果。