Intercalation of methylene blue in n-alkanethiolated self-assembled monolayers: Versatile electrochemical platforms for characterizing surfactant adsorption on hydrophobic surfaces

A versatile electrochemical platform for characterizing the adsorption of neutral and positively charged surfactants on hydrophobic surfaces was established using methylene blue (MB) as the probe. As a rigid, planar and electroactive species, MB can intercalate inside the regular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-hexanethiol and exhibit well-defined electrochemical responses. The adsorption of surfactants on the hydrophobic SAMs through the intercalation interaction between the hydrophobic tails of surfactants and the SAMs might change the density of the SAMs and influence the electrochemical behaviors of MB, providing a simple but effective approach for characterizing surfactant adsorption on hydrophobic surfaces. As an example, the adsorptive behaviors of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a positively charged surfactant, and Triton X-100, a neutral surfactant, on hydrophobic surfaces were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that these surfactants generally experienced three different adsorptive behaviors: the monomer adsorption at low concentrations, the loose monolayer adsorption at intermediate concentrations and the dense monolayer adsorption at high concentrations. In the case of CTAB, a new additional submonolayer adsorptive behavior between the monomer and the loose monolayer adsorption was observed for the first time, due to its rather long hydrophobic tail.     

Preparation and characterization of PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends by an in situ ring-opening polymerization

This paper describes a new reactive blending approach to improve the compatibility of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(?-caprolacton) (PCL). For this purpose, the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LLA) was carried out in the presence of PCL-OH (OH groups on one end). The P(CL-b-LLA) block copolymers were in situ formed during polymerization, and as a result, PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends were obtained. The characterization of GPC and ¹H NMR verified the synthesis of PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends. Furthermore, the ¹³C NMR spectroscopy showed that no transesterification reaction occurred to a significant extent during LLA polymerization process. The in situ formed P(CL-b-LLA) compatibilizes the phase separated structure of PCL domains in PLLA matrix. The size of PCL domains in PLLA matrix became much smaller than that in a solution blended sample. The average sizes of PCL domains are controllable in the level of sub-micron scale.     

Numerical Study of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Stirred Tanks with Rushton Impeller (Ⅰ) Formulation and Simulation of Flow Field

Three-dimensional solid-liquid flow is mathematically formulated by means of the "two-fluid" approach and the two-phase k-ε-Ap turbulence model. The turbulent fluctuation correlations appearing in the Reynolds time averaged governing equations are fully incorporated. The solid-liquid flow field and solid concentration distribution in baffled stirred tanks with a standard Rushton impeller are numerically simulated using an improved "inner-outer" iterative procedure. The flow pattern is identified via the velocity vector plots and a recirculation loop with higher solid concentration is observed in the central vicinity beneath the impeller. Comparison of     

Acceleration or retardation to crystallization if liquid-liquid phase separation occurs: Studies on a polyolefin blend by SAXS/WAXD, DSC and TEM

Blends of statistical copolymers containing ethylene/hexene (PEH) and ethylene/butene (PEB) exhibited the behavior of upper critical solution temperature (UCST). The interplay between the early and intermediate stage liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and crystallization of the PEH/PEB 50/50 blend was studied by time-resolved simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Samples were treated by two different quench procedures: in single quench, the sample was directly quenched from 160 °C to isothermal crystallization temperature of 114 °C; while in double quench, the sample was firstly quenched to 130 °C for 20 min annealing, where LLPS occurred, and then to 114 °C. It was found that in the early stage of crystallization, the integrated values of Iq² and crystallinity, X_c, in the double quench procedure were consistently higher than those in the single quench procedure, which could be attributed to accelerated nucleation induced by enhanced concentration fluctuations and interfacial tension. In the late stage of crystallization, some morphological parameters were found to crossover and then reverse, which could be explained by retardation of lamellar growth due to phase separation formed during the double quench procedure. This phenomenon was also confirmed by DSC measurements in blends of different compositions at varying isothermal crystallization temperatures. The crystal lamellar thickness determined by SAXS showed a good agreement with TEM observation. Results indicated that the early stage LLPS in the PEH/PEB blend prior to crystallization indeed dictated the resulting lamellar structures, including the average size of lamellar stack and the stack distribution. There seemed to be little variation of lamellar thickness and long period between the two quenching procedures (i.e., single quench versus double quench).     

脉冲电子束系统沉积高温超导薄膜研究

高温超导薄膜生长是研究超导现象和超导器件的基础,一直是凝聚态物理研究的一个重要课题。各种各样的薄膜生长方法都被应用于高温超导薄膜的生长研究。采用一种崭新的薄膜沉积设备——脉冲电子束沉积系统(PED)成功制备出了NCCO、LSCO高温超导薄膜,并通过优化沉积参数,获得了具有良好表面形貌和超导转变特性的高温超导薄膜。     

实例依赖的可验证随机函数的高效构造*

实例依赖的可验证随机函数是由文献[1]提出的一个新的密码学概念,它也是构造高安全性的零知识协议（如可重置零知识论证系统）的一个强有力的工具,而这些高安全性的零知识协议在智能卡和电子商务中有着重要的潜在价值。基于非交互ZAP证明系统和random oracle模型中∑OR-协议,给出了实例依赖的可验证伪随机函数的两个高效的实现和相应的安全性证明,提升了这一工具的应用价值。     

含砷废水砷铁分离的研究

以氢氧化钠作为沉淀剂,对含砷废水进行选择性沉淀研究,考察了pH值、搅拌速度、温度等因素对砷、铁分离效果的影响,确定了合适的工艺条件：温度25℃,pH=13.5,搅拌速度500 r/min.此工艺条件下铁的回收率达到99.9%以上,实现了砷、铁的有效分离.     

双聚类的关联规则挖掘方法

为了使所有关联规则算法都可用于双聚类挖掘,将双聚类问题转化为关联规则的频繁集挖掘问题.在为双聚类挖掘提供大量算法的同时,不但能获得双聚类,而且还能得到额外的双聚类关联信息.基因表达数据的实验结果证明了其有效性.     

补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的分离纯化研究

应用高速逆流色谱技术分离和纯化补骨脂中香豆素类成分补骨脂素和异补骨脂素．以补骨脂干燥成熟果实为原料,经乙醇回流制备补骨脂粗提物,经高速逆流色谱分离,所得样品由高效液相色谱检测纯度,并由对照品确定成分．采用正己烷．乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（7：3：5：5）作为两相溶剂体系,从补骨脂粗提物中分离得到补骨脂素和异补骨脂素,二者纯度分别达到99．4％,99．1％．该法可以成功用于补骨脂粗提物中补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的分离,并且具有制备量大和分离效率高的优点．     

面向Internet的分布式遥感影像切割算法

为了实现遥感影像的网络快速发布,提出了一种高效的影像金字塔模型的构建算法,影像的切割与重采样均在内存中运算完成,尽可能地减少I/O操作,从而提高其执行效率。提出了面向Internet的分布式遥感影像的切割算法,并给出了基于B/S架构和基于C/S架构的两种实现方式。为了保证算法的效率与分布式结构,利用C++与Java联合编程进行实现。通过实例对算法性能进行测试,证明了算法的可操作性、实用性和高效性。