HYSTERESIS OF GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN A TRICKLE BED REACTOR

1 INTRODUCTIONTrickle bed reactors are widely used in the process industry,particularly in petroleumhydroprocessing operations,and have been extensively studied by chemical engineers.In atrickle bed reactor,the gas and liquid flow cocurrently down through the packed bedand undergo chemical reactions.However,there exist multiple hydrodynamic stateswhich correspond to either uniform or,in most cases,nonuniform radial distributionof the gas and liquid flows in the packed section.Moreover,the hydrodynamic state is     

Polymer electrolytes from PEO and novel quaternary ammonium iodides for dye-sensitized solar cells

Polymer electrolytes were prepared by blending high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a series of novel quaternary ammonium iodides, the polysiloxanes with oligo(oxyethylene) side chains and quaternary ammonium groups. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements ensured relatively low crystallinity when the quaternary ammonium iodides were incorporated into the PEO host. The ionic conductivity of these complexes was improved with the addition of plasticizers. The improvement in the ionic conductivity was determined by the polarity, viscosity and amounts of plasticizers. A plasticized electrolyte containing the novel quaternary ammonium iodide was successfully used in fabricating a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell for the first time. The fill factor and energy conversion efficiency of the cell were calculated to be 0.68 and 1.39%, respectively.     

4-炔丙氧基苯基马来酰亚胺共混改性聚芳基乙炔

将4-炔丙氧基苯基马来酰亚胺(简称4-PPM)与聚芳基乙炔(简称PAA)进行共混改性,在保持PAA树脂耐热性的基础上改善其固化工艺性能。用红外、流变及DSC等测试方法研究了共混树脂的固化工艺性能,用TGA及DMA的测试方法研究了共混树脂固化物的耐热性能。结果表明共混树脂具有良好的加工性能,并且固化物也具有良好的耐热性能。玻璃化转变温度高于370℃,在N2中的分解温度高于400℃,失重5%的温度高于413℃,900℃的残留率高于56%。对比各个配比的共混树脂,4-PPM质量分数为50%的树脂表现出较好的固化工艺性能和耐热性能,可作为耐高温复合材料的基体。     

铬酸酐电合成过程中工作电压的变化

引言 铬酸酐主要用于电镀、作氧化剂、水溶性木材防腐剂、制铬盐、着色玻璃等,是一种重要的化工产品,近年发展相当迅速[1].其传统生产工艺中的Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4间歇熔融法、外热连续法、 自热连续法、湿法等技术[2],都不可避免地存在NaHSO4污染产品、铬流失、污染环境等问题.发展前景看好的是有绿色技术之称的电合成法[3, 4],正在竞相研发中[5],其基础研究亟待进行.本文从工程角度研究了铬酸酐电合成过程中工作电压的变化规律.     

LFSCA-UNet：基于空间与通道注意力机制的肝纤维化区域分割网络

目的 肝纤维化是众多慢性肝脏疾病的常见表现,如不及时治疗可发展为肝硬化甚至引发肝癌。肝纤维化的准确评估对临床治疗和预后评估等至关重要。目前,肝纤维化的诊断通过肝穿活检判断,有创且有并发症危险。为此,基于影像学的无创诊断方法越来越受到关注。本文提出一种基于通道注意力与空间注意力机制改进的用于肝纤维化区域的自动化分割U-Net （liver fibrosis region segmentation network based on spatial and channel attention mechanisms,LFSCA-UNet）。方法 依据Attention U-Net的改进方式,围绕U-Net的跳跃连接结构进行基于注意力的改进,在AG （attention gate）的基础上,加入以ECA （efficient channel attention）模块为实现方式的通道注意力机制,依据加入ECA的位置,LFSCA-UNet分为A、B、C共3个子型。结果 在肝数据集上与其他实验网络进行评估对比,本文提出的LFSCA-UNet网络结构平均Dice系数达到了93.33%,相比原始U-Net的Dice系数提高了0.539 6%。结论 本文方法将空间注意力机制与通道注意力机制进行结合,有效提高了肝纤维化区域的分割精度,对空间注意力模块使用通道注意力模块优化输入和输出,增加了网络的稳定性,提升了网络的整体效果。     

面向垂直领域的阅读理解数据增强方法

阅读理解问答系统是利用语义理解等自然语言处理技术,根据输入问题,对非结构化文档数据进行分析,生成一个答案,具有很高的研究和应用价值。在垂直领域应用过程中,阅读理解问答数据标注成本高且用户问题表达复杂多样,使得阅读理解问答系统准确率低、鲁棒性差。针对这一问题,该文提出一种面向垂直领域的阅读理解问答数据的增强方法,基于真实用户问题,构造阅读理解训练数据,一方面降低标注成本,另一方面增加训练数据多样性,提升模型的准确率和鲁棒性。该文用汽车领域数据对本方法进行实验验证,其结果表明,该方法对垂直领域中阅读理解模型的准确率和鲁棒性均得到有效提升。     

一种新的矢量中文字库自动压缩方法

针对中文矢量字库体积较大,在嵌入式设备上使用不便的问题,提出了一种新的矢量中文字库 自动压缩方法。基于部件拼接和复用的思想,首先使用一种传统图形学方法将字库中的字形拆分成不同部件, 之后计算每个字形的部件复用关系,最后使用模拟退火算法迭代优化拼接字形,生成压缩字库。实验结果表明, 该方法能够在维持原始字库风格和字形不变的条件下,生成体积仅为原始字库 20%左右的压缩字库,从而提升 了矢量中文字库在存储空间相对受限的嵌入式设备上的可用性。      

TRIP steel retained austenite transformation under cyclic V-bending deformation

To investigate the transformation behavior of TRIP steel retained austenite under cyclic load, cyclic V-bending deformation of low carbon Si-Mn TRIP600 was studied by experiment and finite element in this paper. The results showed that, under cyclic V-bending deformation, retained austenite in TRIP steel transformed into martensite gradually with the increasing of bending times, and for the symmetrical characteristic, upper surface and lower surface presented the same transformation tendency. From the first to the fourth V-bending deformatiort, retained austenite volume fraction decreased nearly linearly and then attained saturation step by step. Compressive stress state was helpful for martensite transformation than tension stress state with V-bending deformation, and strain magnitude was the determining factor for retaining anstenite martensitic transformation. With the increasing of bending times effective stress increased and the relationship between maximum effective stress and bending times was nearly linear. Effective stress and effective strain distribution were non-uniform, the maximum effective stress and effective strain were present in the center of the samples. The relationships between retained austenite and V-bending times, and retained austenite with effective strain were set up as Eqs.（1）-（5）. The relationship was typical quadric function, decreased linearly for the initial deformation and attained saturation finally.     

基于 Isomap的 CWME专家群体意见分析系统

针对从定性到定量综合集成研讨厅体系 ,对复杂问题分析过程中的专家群体的分散化思维 ,提出并实现了一种基于自动调查问卷的群体意见相似性定性分析方法。此方法基于群体行为的相似性特征对调查问卷的相似性度进行量化统计 ,并采用 Isomap算法将问卷量化之后产生的多维数据集进行降维及可视化表示。     

一种网络入侵检测中的数据包采样方法 *

数据包采样方法是提升数据包处理能力很好的方法 ,在网络流量监测分析中得到了广泛应用。然而 ,传统的数据包采样算法应用在 IDS中会极大降低入侵检测率。针对入侵检测的特性 ,利用攻击流量和正常流量在时间上的连续性 ,提出了一种新的数据包采样方法 ,在保证检测率的前提下 ,极大地提升了 IDS的处理能力。