Can child-pedestrians’ hazard perception skills be enhanced?

ObjectiveTraffic collisions yield a substantial rate of morbidity and injury among child-pedestrians. We explored the formation of an innovative hazard perception training intervention – Child-pedestrians Anticipate and Act Hazard Perception Training (CA²HPT). Training was based upon enhancing participants’ ability to anticipate potential hazards by exposing them to an array of traffic scenes viewed from different angles.MethodTwenty-four 7–9-year-olds have participated. Trainees underwent a 40-min intervention of observing typical residential traffic scenarios in a simulated dome projection environment while engaging in a hazard detection task. Trainees were encouraged to note differences between the scenarios presented to them from separate angles (a pedestrian's point-of-view and a higher perspective angle). Next, trainees and control group members were required to perform crossing decision tasks.ResultsTrainees were found to be more aware of potential hazards related to restricted field of view relative to control.ConclusionsChild pedestrians are responsive to training and actively detecting materialized hazards may enrich child-pedestrians’ ability to cross roads.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERI- MENT OF UNSTEADY THERMAL FIELD OF ROTOR PLATE FOR EDDY CURRENT RETARDER

The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder.     

重型车辆流量控制式ECHPS系统建模与仿真

关于车辆转向液压系统优化控制问题,针对重型商用车辆传统的具有固定助力特性的HPS系统存在的高速时转向操纵安全性差的问题,提出一种旁通流量控制式电控液压助力转向(ECHPS)系统,建立了ECHPS的机械和液压子系统模型及整车二自由度动力学模型。分析了转向系统可变助力特性的设计要求,建立了ECHPS助力特性MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型,通过仿真计算得到了ECHPS在不同车速下的转向助力特性曲线。仿真结果表明,所设计的ECHPS可变助力特性同时满足了低速时的转向轻便性要求和高速时的良好转向"路感"和操纵稳定性,并得到旁通流量与车速的关系曲线为设计ECHPS旁通流量阀开度的控制策略提供了基本依据。     

On-line SVM在船舶设备故障预测中的应用

船舶设备众多、型号多样、结构复杂,故障预测所需的有效数据偏少,而大规模的在线数据监测又受制于存储空间和计算时间的限制。利用On-line SVM建立了故障预测模型,分析了船舶设备故障预测的流程;并以某船舶主机的燃油系统为例,验证了模型的准确性,认为基于On-line SVM的故障预测精度较高,解决了船舶设备故障预测中的超大样本、非线性以及高维复杂数据问题。     

基于形态仿生的轿车升阻特性的数值模拟

受鱼类利用中央鳍/对鳍对流体介质产生扰动来增加运动稳定性的启发,本文在轿车尾部增加功能类似中央鳍/对鳍的扰流板,称之为方案一;针对其阻力增加,在方案一的基础上,在车后窗及汽车后备箱表面添加棱纹形态仿生功能表面,称之为方案二。利用数值模拟方法,对上述两种方案及原车模型在高速行驶状况下进行仿真分析,结果表明:方案一升力系数由原车的-0.06455降为-0.1516,后轮附着力增加,提高了轿车的操纵稳定性;方案二较好地梳理了尾部气流,延迟了气流的分离,与方案一比较,减阻率达到4.938%。     

电涡流缓速器结构参数的节能优化设计

分析了电涡流缓速器的节能特性,提出了两个适用于电涡流缓速器的节能评价指标:制动增益系数和单位质量能量密度。以此评价指标为目标函数,建立了电涡流缓速器结构参数的节能优化设计数学模型。运用遗传算法寻求设计变量的全局最优解。获得的最优解表明:基于节能设计的优化结果优于以最大制动力矩为目标函数的优化结果,对电涡流缓速器的结构设计有一定的指导意义。     

Multi-agent and driving behavior based rear-end collision alarm modeling and simulating

Distance-between-vehicle-measurement is the only factor in traditional car rear-end alarm system. To address the above problem, this paper proposes an alarming model based on multi-agent systems (MAS) and driving behavior. It consists of four different types of agents that can either work alone or collaborate through a communications protocol on the basis of the extended KQML. The rear-end alarming algorithm applies the Bayes decision theory to calculate the probability of collision and prevent its occurrence real-time. The learning algorithm of driving behavior based on ensemble artificial neural network (ANN) and the decision procedure based on Bayes’ theory are also described in this paper. Both autonomy and reliability are enhanced in the proposed system. The effectiveness and robustness of the model have been confirmed by the simulated experiments.     

基于自回归模型的汽车姿态角在线预测系统

针对汽车姿态角在线预测问题,利用微惯性测量单元以捷联方式测量汽车6自由度运动参数,通过四元数法解算汽车的姿态角,应用卡尔曼滤波器对姿态角进行最优估计处理,在此基础上建立自回归模型对未来1 s~3 s的姿态角进行实时预测,使用Visual Basic 2005、NI Measurement Studio开发汽车姿态角在线预测软件,并对其进行实车道路试验,结果证明该软件具有较高的预测准确性。     

基于前景值的多类型出行者逐日路径选择模型

为研究非平衡态下的出行者逐日路径选择行为,以前景理论为基础,综合考虑出行者对路网随机性和逐日路径调整行为中的有限理性,基于出行经验数据逐日更新预留出行时间参考点,根据有限记忆规则和理解行程时间更新计算逐日路径前景值,并构建基于转移系数的逐日流量更新规则。最后结合算例分析了有限理性、完全理性、完全历史信息和非完全历史信息出行者所占比例及预留行程时间可靠度值对路网达到平衡态的演化时间及最终流量分布状态的影响。