云计算:从概念到平台

云计算是以虚拟化技术为基础,以网络为载体提供基础架构、平台、软件等服务为形式,整合大规模可扩展的计算、存储、数据、应用等分布式计算资源进行协同工作的超级计算模式.作为一种全新的互联网应用模式,云计算将成为未来人们获取服务和信息的主导方式.针对当前云计算概念混杂的现状,提出了一个较综合的参考性定义,并分析了云计算与分布式计算、网格计算、并行计算、效用计算等相关计算形式的联系与区别.对目前主流的云计算平台实例进行了概括性介绍,从云平台的层次更深刻地剖析云计算的本质.     

飞机空中交会显示格式对情境意识与认知绩效的影响

为考察飞机空中交会信息显示格式对情境意识和认知绩效的影响。实验采用模拟飞行相撞判断任务,以情境意识和相撞判断准确率为指标,对整合式显示与分离式显示这两种显示格式的视觉工效进行比较。结果表明:(1)整合式显示条件下情境意识与相撞判断的准确率均高于分离式显示;(2)信息显示格式以情境意识为中介对认知绩效产生显著影响。结论:整合式显示格式的相对优势可归因于该显示格式对情境意识的促进作用。     

一种代理签名方案的分析与改进

在一个指定接收者的签名方案中,只有指定的接收人才能验证签名的有效性。2004年,Dai提出了一个指定接收人的代理签名方案。通过对Dai方案进行安全性分析,发现由于存在一个悬孤因子,它是不安全的,不能抵抗内部伪造攻击。所以,该签名方案不符合数字签名所必须满足的不可伪造性和不可否认性原则。针对此方案的缺陷,进行了伪造性攻击,并提出了两种改进的方案,改进后的方案满足了代理签名的安全性要求。     

A 0.8 V low power low phase-noise PLL

A low power and low phase noise phase-locked loop(PLL) design for low voltage(0.8 V) applications is presented.The voltage controlled oscillator(VCO) operates from a 0.5 V voltage supply,while the other blocks operate from a 0.8 V supply.A differential NMOS-only topology is adopted for the oscillator,a modified precharge topology is applied in the phase-frequency detector(PFD),and a new feedback structure is utilized in the charge pump(CP) for ultra-low voltage applications.The divider adopts the extende...     

Bulk data dissemination in wireless sensor networks: Modeling and analysis

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently gained a great deal of attention as a topic of research, with a wide range of applications being explored. Bulk data dissemination is a basic building block for sensor network applications. The problem of designing efficient bulk data dissemination protocols has been addressed in a number of recent studies. The problem of accurately analyzing the performance of these protocols, however, has not been addressed sufficiently in the literature. In this work, we show a way of accurately analyzing the performance of bulk data dissemination protocols in WSNs. Our model can be applied to practical network topologies by use of the shortest propagation path. Our model is accurate by considering topological information, impact of contention, and impact of pipelining. We validate the analytical results through testbeds and detailed simulations. Results show that the analytical results fit well with the testbed results and simulation results. Further, we demonstrate that the analytical results can be used to aid protocol design for performance optimizations, e.g., page size tuning for shortening the completion time.     

Verifiably encrypted short signatures from bilinear maps

In 2003, Boneh et al. proposed the first efficient verifiably encrypted signature scheme (BGLS) from bilinear maps, which can be used in fair exchange protocols of short signatures. However, there are two weaknesses in the scheme. The security proof is built on a weaker security model, in which the key pair of the adjudicator is chosen by the simulator instead of the signature forger. The other is that the ordinary signatures to be verifiably encrypted are deterministic. They suffer from strong collision attacks of hash functions. In this paper, we propose an enhanced verifiably encrypted short signature scheme. The new scheme is strongly unforgeable in the random oracle model under a stronger security model, where two inside adversaries, malicious adjudicator and malicious verifier, have more power than ever. The new scheme would tally with the actual circumstances of electronic commerce.     

Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds protein

The amino acid composition, physicochemical and functional properties of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds protein (GSP) were evaluated and compared with those of soybean protein isolate (SPI). Amino acid analyses of GSP revealed high levels of glutamic/glutamine, glycine and aspartic/asparagines. SDS‐PAGE analysis demonstrated that globulin was the major protein component in GSP, whose subunit molecular weights were mainly varied from 25.5 to 40.0 kDa. The isoelectric pH of GSP was found to be at the acidic pH of around 3.8. At all the pHs tested except pH 2.0, no significant changes of GSP secondary structure were observed. GSP exhibited beneficial functional properties such as preferable solubility and emulsifying activity, while the foaming properties and water holding capacity were relatively poor compared to SPI. It could then be employed to soup, sauce, beverage or meat product for improving nutritional and sensory quality of these foods at appropriate pHs.     

发育生物学网络课程建设的实践与思考

发育生物学是当今生命科学领域进展最为迅速的一门新兴学科。为适应发育生物学的发展和高等院校发育生物学教学的需要,我们尝试开设网络课程教学,使更多的学生能在网络上自主学习发育生物学。本文主要从课程内容的设置及支撑环境的设计两方面构思了该学科的网络课程,并对此过程中可能出现的问题提出了相应的解决方法。     

V-Nb-Mo-Al-Ga高熵合金的多晶型性与超导性

高熵合金具有结构多晶型性和超导性,是当前研究的重点.然而,多晶型转变仅在非超导的高熵合金中被观察到,且大多是在高压条件下.本文报道了(V0.5Nb0.5)3-xMoxAl0.5Ga0.5(0.2≤x≤1.4)高熵合金中的超导和温度驱动多晶型性.实验结果表明当x=0.2时铸态高熵合金具有单一的体心立方(bcc)结构,而当x值更高时则为bcc和A15的混合结构.经高温退火后,bcc结构向A15结构进行多晶型转变,且所有高熵合金均表现出块体超导电性.对于x=0.2的组分,其bcc晶型直到1.8 K仍不具备超导性,但其A15晶型却在10.2 K表现出超导性,估算零温上临界磁场Bc2(0)为20.1 T,该超导温度(Tc)和磁场强度在已知的高熵合金超导体中均为最高.随着Mo含量x的增加,A15型高熵合金的Tc和Bc2(0)均降低,但Bc2(0)/Tc比值表明在宽的x范围内存在无序诱导的上临界磁场增加.Tc的降低归因于电子比热系数和电声子耦合强度的减小.此外,该高熵合金的Tc对价电子数依赖关系与二元A15超导体和其他结构高熵合金超导体均不同,且表明可以通过降低价电子数目来进一步提高Tc.本文不仅揭示了一类新结构类型的高熵合金超导体,而且提供了高熵合金中依赖于多晶型性超导的首个示例.