不同缝面形态下诱导缝开裂效果对比研究

一些采用径向扭缝的碾压混凝土拱坝工程中,出现了诱导缝周边坝体混凝土开裂而诱导缝本身未张开的现象,因此需定量分析不同空间形态缝面对诱导缝开裂的影响效果。根据碾压混凝土拱坝应力变化特点以及诱导缝开裂变化规律,本文拟定含不同缝面空间形态的有限大平板和圆筒拱坝算例,利用虚拟裂纹闭合法和Richard脆性断裂准则获取空间缝面等效应力强度因子,研究缝面应力强度因子随缝面夹角的变化规律;通过对归一化后的应力强度因子求倒数,获取不同缝面夹角条件下诱导缝等效强度的修正系数即缝面空间形态影响因子,以反映不同缝面空间形态下诱导缝开裂效果。研究表明,随着缝面夹角的不断增大,缝面越不容易张开,这就意味着缝面的等效强度在逐渐增大。因此,在实际碾压混凝土拱坝设计中,诱导缝应尽量采用竖向垂直缝布置;若要布置成径向扭缝,则缝面夹角最大不宜超过10°。     

含水生植物河道曼宁糙率系数的试验研究

水生植物是河流生态系统的重要组成部分,但水生植物的存在使得水流阻力增加,河道行洪能力降低,开展含水生植物河道曼宁糙率系数的研究,对河流生态综合治理具有重要意义。本文基于对含淹没柔性水生植物水流的室内水槽系列试验和量纲分析理论,分析了植物挺立度、相对淹没高度及相对密植度对河道曼宁糙率的影响,给出了淹没状态下含柔性水生植物河道的通用等效曼宁糙率系数经验公式。     

基于温度-应力试验的自生体积变形计算起点的研究

针对标准试验方法在混凝土自生体积变形计算起点方面尚存在的问题,本文以微膨胀抗冲磨混凝土为研究对象,对ASTM C1074活化能测试方法进行改进,获得更为准确的胶凝材料水化反应活化能,并基于活化能计算得到实际温度条件下试件的等效龄期;利用温度-应力试验的特点,以第一零应力对应的等效龄期作为自生体积变形的有效计算起点,在日本混凝土学会提出的混凝土自生体积变形模型基础上,以自生体积变形最大膨胀值作为分界点分段模拟分界点前后的变形,建立以温度-应力试验第一零应力时间为计算起点的自生体积变形模型,为准确建立抗裂机理模型提供参考依据。     

水资源账户的建立与应用研究

为了补充和完善综合环境经济核算体系,进一步改进现代水利统计体系,实现水资源一体化管理,完成自然资源核算中水资源的核算部分,目前,对水资源环境经济核算方面的研究工作逐渐展开。作为水资源环境经济核算的重要组成部分,水资源账户的建立十分必要。基于水资源环境经济核算体系,介绍了水资源账户建立的背景、构架、核心管理问题和各账户编制内容以及账户建立的关键问题等,提出了水资源账户建立的一般思路,可为区域、流域水资源账户的编制提供参考。     

智慧城市开创IT产业发展的新局面

随着我国各地的智慧城市建设已正式迈入“实践探索”阶段,智慧城市作为一种区域经济发展新模式催生出新兴的产业概念--智慧城市IT产业。本文精选7个样本城市,分析智慧城市建设对IT产业发展的作用,具有一定代表性和示范作用,可供国内其他城市在开展智慧城市建设的过程中把握发展城市IT产业的机遇参考借鉴。     

Advancements in the design and validation of an air pollution integrated assessment model for Spain

This paper describes the design and application of the Atmospheric Evaluation and Research Integrated model for Spain (AERIS). Currently, AERIS can provide concentration profiles of NO₂, O₃, SO₂, NH₃, PM, as a response to emission variations of relevant sectors in Spain. Results are calculated using transfer matrices based on an air quality modelling system (AQMS) composed by the WRF (meteorology), SMOKE (emissions) and CMAQ (atmospheric-chemical processes) models. The AERIS outputs were statistically tested against the conventional AQMS and observations, revealing a good agreement in both cases. At the moment, integrated assessment in AERIS focuses only on the link between emissions and concentrations. The quantification of deposition, impacts (health, ecosystems) and costs will be introduced in the future. In conclusion, the main asset of AERIS is its accuracy in predicting air quality outcomes for different scenarios through a simple yet robust modelling framework, avoiding complex programming and long computing times.     

Dependence of oil stability index of fatty compounds on their structure and concentration and presence of metals

During storage and use, vegetable oil-derived industrial products such as biodiesel and biodegradable lubricants can be subjected to conditions that promote oxidation of their unsaturated components. The materials arising during oxidation and subsequent degradation can seriously impair the quality and performance of such products. Therefore, oxidative stability is a significant issue facing these vegetable oil-derived products, and enhanced understanding of the influence of various components of vegetable oils and storage parameters is necessary. In this work, the oil stability index (OSI) was used for assessing oxidation of monoalkyl esters of FA by varying several parameters. Neat fatty compounds and prepared mixtures thereof were studied for assessing the influence of compound structure and concentration. Small amounts of more highly unsaturated compounds had a disproportionately strong effect on oxidative stability. The recently developed concept of bis-allylic equivalents correlated more closely than the iodine value with the OSI times of mixtures of fatty esters. The OSI times of free acids were shorter than those of the corresponding alkyl esters. The presence of copper, iron, and nickel also reduced oxidative stability, but their effect was less than the presence of more highly unsaturated fatty compounds. Of these metals, copper had the strongest catalytic effect on OSI time. OSI may be an alternative to long-term storage tests for determining the influence of extraneous materials such as metals on oxidative stability.     

国产 CPU 研制与产业化的现状、问题与对策

国产 CPU 发展事关我国信息产业核心竞争力和可持续发展能力。我国全面部署实施“中国芯”战略已十余年,在部分领域具有完全自主核心技术,在各主要产品领域都积累了一批具有一定技术实力和产业化条件的骨干企业和科研院所,产业化取得积极进展。但是,也存在与国际主流产品整体性能差距较大,国内CPU研制企业规模普遍偏小,高端人才和领军人才缺乏,有利于形成产业生态体系的制度环境不健全,政策手段单一等问题。为此,要进一步聚焦重点、集中目标、加强顶层设计,从以下几个方面加强核心技术攻关和产业化,包括改变现有重大技术攻关组织模式,全力提升国产事务处理CPU、高性能计算CPU等产品的技术水平,拓展相关产品在党政军部门及重要信息系统的应用,组织产业技术创新联盟,营造公平竞争的环境等。     

基于浮点型编码策略的差分多目标柔性车间调度优化

运用进化算法求解柔性车间调度问题时,编码的特殊性对进化策略造成的局限制约了算法的搜索能力。为此,提出一种基于浮点型编码策略的差分多目标优化算法。该算法采用基于工序权重的浮点数编码—解码机制,消除了排列组合型编码方式对进化操作带来的约束,运用差分进化策略生成新个体,以提高优秀个体产生的几率,进而保证算法有更好的收敛性。将算法与传统算法及其改进形式在相同测试用例上进行对比,结果表明,本算法在保证收敛性的同时,搜索到更多的非支配个体,体现出更好的分布性。此外,提出了平行决策和等价平行决策的定义,将柔性车间调度模型的研究拓展至决策空间。     

瓷质砖湿坯对流干燥过程的传热传质研究

引用建立于Whitaker的体积平均方程和Darcy定律基础止的多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型，寻出一组关于液体饱和度、温度和气相压力的新支配方程，应用该方程组对瓷质砖坯体干燥过程进行了数值分析和实验测定。在平均含湿饱和度的变化方面，数值解与实验结果十分吻合。还改变影响坯体干燥过程的一些因素进行计算机模拟计算，通过改变这些因素的大小来考察计算结果，以期获得某些定性或定量的结论，从而用以指导实际生产过程。