Failure analysis of fiber-reinforced composite laminates subjected to biaxial loads

A nonlinear constitutive model for a single lamina is proposed for the failure analysis of composite laminates. In the material model, both fiber and matrix are assumed to behave as elastic-plastic and the in-plane shear is assumed to behave nonlinearly with a variable shear parameter. The damage onset for individual lamina is detected by a mixed failure criterion, composed of the Tsai-Wu criterion and the maximum stress criterion. After damage takes place within the lamina, the fiber and in-plane shear are assumed to exhibit brittle behavior, and the matrix is assumed to exhibit degrading behavior. The proposed nonlinear constitutive model is tested against experimental data and good agreement is obtained. Then, numerical analyses are carried out to study the failure behavior of symmetric angle-ply composite laminates and symmetric cross-ply composite laminates subjected to biaxial loads. Finally, the conclusions obtained from the numerical analysis are given.     

Modeling of continuous ultrasonic impregnation and consolidation of thermoplastic matrix composites

Ultrasonic propagation was used to provide heat and pressure in order to perform impregnation and consolidation during production of thermoplastic matrix composites. For this purpose, a new experimental set-up, integrating a laboratory filament winding machine with a horn and a compaction roller, was developed.The heat transfer phenomena occurring during continuous impregnation and consolidation were simulated solving by finite element (FE) analysis the energy balance equations in 2D accounting for the heat generated by ultrasonic waves, the melting characteristics of the matrix and the movement of the thermoplastic commingled roving.The temperature distribution in the composite, predicted by the numerical simulations, was validated by temperature measurements during the production of E-glass/polypropylene cylinders, with the optimized parameters obtained by the FE analysis. The ultrasonic consolidated composite cylinders were characterized by low void content and a shear modulus comparable with that obtained by the micromechanical analysis.     

Numerical study of the effects of reinforcement/matrix interphase on stress-strain behavior of YAl2 particle reinforced MgLiAl composites

For the potential influence produced by the reinforcement/matrix interphase in particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PMMCs), a unit cell model with transition interphase was proposed. Uniaxial tensile loading was simulated and the stress/strain behavior was predicted. The results show that a transition interphase with both appropriate strength and thickness could affect the failure mode, reduce the stress concentration, and enhance the maximum strain value of the composite.     

Predicting mode-II delamination suppression in z-pinned laminates

A finite element model for predicting delamination resistance of z-pin reinforced laminates under the mode-II load condition is presented. End notched flexure specimen is simulated using a cohesive zone model. The main difference of this approach to previously published cohesive zone models is that the individual bridging force exerted by z-pin is governed by a specific traction-separation law derived from a unit-cell model of single pin failure process, which is independent of the fracture toughness of the unreinforced laminate. Therefore, two separate traction-separation laws are employed; one represents unreinforced laminate properties and the other for the enhanced delamination toughness owing to the pin bridging action. This approach can account for the so-called large scale bridging effect and avoid using concentrated pin forces in numerical models, thus removing the mesh-size dependency and permitting more accurate and reliable computational solutions.     

Simulation of the bone healing process of fractured long bones applied with a composite bone plate with consideration of the blood vessel growth

The healing process of long bones such as the tibia was simulated on the basis of a mechanoregulation theory by taking blood vessel growth into consideration. The tissue differentiation process of calluses by taking into consideration blood vessel growth was simulated by a user subroutine program based on the mechanoregulation model and a diffusion equation. Composite bone plates made of a plain weave carbon/epoxy composite (WSN3k) and a plain weave glass/polypropylene composite (Twintex) were applied to the fracture site to investigate the effect of plate modulus on the healing performance. The simulation results revealed that the flexible composite bone plate made of Twintex [0]₁₈, which had a slightly higher Young’s modulus than a cortical bone, provided the highest healing performance. Moreover, it was found that the effect of the plate modulus on the healing performance reduced when the blood vessel growth at the fracture site was considered, which reflected a more realistic bone healing process.     

全装配式桁架梁组合楼盖平面内刚性性能分析及评估

基于全装配式桁架梁组合楼盖的缩尺模型试验，采用Midas/Gen有限元软件对其进行了分析模拟，通过与试验研究结果的对比，验证了有限元分析模型的准确性。在楼盖刚性假定的基础上，对试验楼盖在楼层水平力作用下的平面内受力变形性能进行了模拟分析。研究结果表明：考虑楼盖平面内刚度与假定楼盖理想刚性两种情形下，该全装配式桁架梁组合楼盖的整体位移偏差较大，而柱端剪力偏差较小；美国规范（ASCE/SEI 41-13）评估法不适合该类楼盖的刚性性能评估；建议综合考虑楼盖整体位移与柱端剪力在考虑楼盖平面内刚度与假定楼盖理想刚性时的偏差均不超过10%作为全装配式楼盖平面内刚性性能分析评估的指标；基于该分析评估指标，全装配式桁架梁组合楼盖属于非刚性楼盖。     

Influence of initial ovality on creep life of P92 pipe bends subjected to in-plane bending

Initial ovality is an inevitable problem in the process of pipe bends manufacturing which results in the stress redistribution of the pipe bends working at high temperature. In order to study the influence of ovality on creep life of pipe bends, full-size creep experiment of P92 pipe bend subjected to in-plane bending has been conducted. The creep strains and outside diameters of dangerous positions have been measured. The microstructures of three different positions of the pipe bend were compared through SEM and the results showed the number and size of the carbide precipitation were the largest at the flank of the pipe bend, which indicated that the creep damage developed fastest at the flank. The modified Kachanov–Robatnov constitutive equations were used to stimulate the creep of P92 pipe bends with FEA software. The representative stress, damage and multiaxiality distributions of the pipe bends have been discussed. The FEA results were consistent with the experimental results and the influence of initial ovality on creep life of P92 pipe bends were analyzed. The results showed that creep life of pipe bends reduced by the increase of ovality and their relationship coincided with the parabolic law.     

内部缺陷对高压直流电缆电场分布影响的有限元分析

高压直流电缆实际运行过程中可能会有缺陷出现,使得电缆内部电场分布发生畸变,加速绝缘材料的老化。运用有限元分析的方法,对直流电缆电场分布进行了二维和三维建模和仿真分析,研究了不同电缆绝缘层温差、缺陷位置及尺寸情况下电缆中单个球形缺陷对周围绝缘材料的影响,得到了较为通用的直流电缆缺陷对电场畸变的计算公式。研究发现三维仿真更加适合对缺陷进行研究,稳态下缺陷对电场的加强决定于材料的电导率,且缺陷对绝缘材料的影响是局部的.     

驱动器断裂失效分析及优化

针对汽车座椅调节驱动器断裂失效的问题,通过试验和有限元分析相结合的方法,根据失效的特征提出了优化方案。试验和有限元仿真的结果表明:在设计荷载范围内,优化后结构没有出现断裂现象且结构的输出扭矩增大了75N.m。同时试验结果与有限元结果的误差为5.74%,进一步验证了分析的正确性。