自动化测试中基于GUI非标准控件的识别和应用

图形用户界面(GUI)中Windows第三方非标准控件识别率不高,对基于Windows第三方控件的应用软件进行自动化测试一直是软件自动化测试中的难题,本文基于Windows消息机制提出了一种解决第三方控件识别的设计方案,该方案通过自动化测试软件发送Windows消息,而Windows应用程序捕获消息并解析传递的xml数据,从而准确定位到图形界面的某一控件,并模拟测试软件对其控件操作已达到自动化识别的目的,实践证明,基于该方案构建的测试系统具有良好的测试效果。     

Formulations and exact algorithms for the vehicle routing problem with time windows

In this paper we review the exact algorithms proposed in the last three decades for the solution of the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). The exact algorithms for the VRPTW are in many aspects inherited from work on the traveling salesman problem (TSP). In recognition of this fact this paper is structured relative to four seminal papers concerning the formulation and exact solution of the TSP, i.e. the arc formulation, the arc-node formulation, the spanning tree formulation, and the path formulation. We give a detailed analysis of the formulations of the VRPTW and a review of the literature related to the different formulations. There are two main lines of development in relation to the exact algorithms for the VRPTW. One is concerned with the general decomposition approach and the solution to certain dual problems associated with the VRPTW. Another more recent direction is concerned with the analysis of the polyhedral structure of the VRPTW. We conclude by examining possible future lines of research in the area of the VRPTW.     

求解带硬时间窗车辆路径问题的自适应蚁群算法

蚁群算法具有较强的鲁棒性和优良的分布式计算机制.研究重点是对现有的求解带硬时间窗的车辆路径问题VRP-H(Vehicle Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows)的蚁群算法作出更好的改进,使得算法的计算效率更高且得到的解更优,提出了蚁群算法的改进算法-改进的自适应蚁群算法.该算法先用自适应蚁群算法对VRP-H求得一个可行解,再利用多种改善方法对初始解进一步优化,从而得到最优解.测试时选用Solomon提出的题库,结果表明该算法能够有效地求解VRP-H.     

基于校园网的视频直播系统

通过对现有的校园网结构进行分析,结合学校的实际情况,从经济实用的角度出发,充分有效利用现有资源,促进学校的教学发展,在最大限度节省资金和设备的前提下,设计并实现了一个基于校园网的视频直播系统。文章重点论述了信号的采集以及信号的压缩编码方法,完整地介绍了系统所需的硬件设备和实现过程。在文章的最后,对系统进行了总结,指出了存在的问题。     

求解带时间窗车辆路径问题的改进粒子群算法

通过分析已有粒子群算法对有时间窗约束的车辆路径问题求解质量不高的原因,提出了一种基于粒子交换原理的整数粒子更新方法。采用构造的双层粒子进化算法分别对8个和20个任务点的有时间窗约束的车辆路径问题求解,数值实验结果表明算法的求解精度和耗时均优于已有算法。     

A combinatorial intra-enterprise exchange for logistics services

The exchange of cargo capacities is a well established approach in logistics. However, only few logistics marketplaces are able to take into consideration synergies that can be generated by combining different transportation routes of different logistics carrierps. In order to exploit these synergies, we designed and implemented the combinatorial exchange mechanism ComEx for the intra-enterprise exchange of delivery orders in a logistics company organized in a profit center structure. Each profit center is able to release delivery orders to an adjacent profit center if the geographic locations of the customers allow for a reduced-cost delivery by the adjacent profit center. We demonstrate that by using the ComEx mechanism, the total cost of transportation of our logistics company can be reduced by up to 14%. Since our iterative auction mechanism is very complex and therefore resource-intensive, we reduce the complexity by applying a convex hull approach combined with a distance-based cost estimator.

数据流管理系统中Max、Min聚集算子的示例概要算法

Max和Min是数据流管理系统中重要聚集算子。应用基于滑动窗口下的示例概要法在实时数据流场景下计算Max和Min。在本方法中不需要保存所有落入滑动窗口中数据元组,这意味着可以极大地减小存储空间。由于存储元组的减少,系统的处理时间也显著地减少。实验结果表明基于滑动窗口的示例概要法显著降低了时间和空间的开销。     

Ultrafast Switchable Passive Radiative Cooling Smart Windows with Synergistic Optical Modulation

Switchable passive radiative cooling (PRC) smart windows can modulate sunlight transmission and spontaneously emit heat to outer space through atmospheric transparent window, presenting great potential in building energy conservation. However, realizing stable and on-demand control of the cooling efficiency for PRC materials is still challenging. Herein, an electro-controlled polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart window showing PRC property is designed and prepared by adding mid-infrared emitting reactive monomers into the conventional PDLC matrix. It is found that not only the electro-optical properties but also the PRC efficiency of PRC PDLC film are tunable by regulating the content of the mid-infrared emitting components, film thickness, and micromorphology. This advanced PRC PDLC material achieves a near/sub-ambient temperature when the solar irradiance is below 400 W m⁻² and can dynamically manage daytime cooling efficiency. Importantly, its PRC efficiency is capable of being tuned in an on-demand and ultrafast millisecond-scale way, whose controllable transparency enables multistage heat regulation. This study is hoped to provide new inspiration in the preparation of advanced optical devices and energy-efficient equipment.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of VO2 Polymorphs: Advantages,Challenges and Prospects for the Application of Energy Efficient Smart Windows

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a widely studied inorganic phase change material, which has a reversible phase transition from semiconducting monoclinic to metallic rutile phase at a critical temperature of τ_c ≈ 68 °C. The abrupt decrease of infrared transmittance in the metallic phase makes VO₂ a potential candidate for thermochromic energy efficient windows to cut down building energy consumption. However, there are three long‐standing issues that hindered its application in energy efficient windows: high τ_c, low luminous transmittance (T_lum), and undesirable solar modulation ability (ΔT_sol). Many approaches, including nano‐thermochromism, porous films, biomimetic surface reconstruction, gridded structures, antireflective overcoatings, etc, have been proposed to tackle these issues. The first approach—nano‐thermochromism—which is to integrate VO₂ nanoparticles in a transparent matrix, outperforms the rest; while the thermochromic performance is determined by particle size, stoichiometry, and crystallinity. A hydrothermal method is the most common method to fabricate high‐quality VO₂ nanoparticles, and has its own advantages of large‐scale synthesis and precise phase control of VO₂. This Review focuses on hydrothermal synthesis, physical properties of VO₂ polymorphs, and their transformation to thermochromic VO₂(M), and discusses the advantages, challenges, and prospects of VO₂(M) in energy‐efficient smart windows application.