Experimental evaluation of geosynthetics as reinforcement for shotcrete

One of the commonly used stabilization systems for rock tunnels is shotcrete. This fine aggregate mortar is usually reinforced for improving its tensile and shear strength. In deep tunnels, its capacity to absorb energy has been recently considered for design purposes, as large displacements of the wall are expected. Two of the most used materials of reinforcement are steel welded-wire mesh and fibers (steel or polypropylene) in the shotcrete mix. This study presents the results and discussion of an experimental test program conducted to obtain the load-deformation curves of reinforced shotcrete, according to ASTM C 1550, using geosynthetics grids and geotextiles as alternative reinforcement materials. In addition, plain shotcrete and steel welded-wire mesh reinforced shotcrete specimens are also considered in the experimental program as benchmark cases. The experimental results are analyzed in terms of maximum strength and toughness. Results show that the use of geosynthetics as a reinforcement material is a promising alternative to obtain shotcrete with energy absorption capacity comparable with the most common reinforcement materials used.     

A new model and its numerical method to identify multi credit migration boundaries

In this paper, valuation a corporate bond with multi credit rating migration risks is considered under the structure framework by using a free boundary model. The establishment, analysis and calculation of the model are presented. Numerical scheme, stability of the numerical algorithm and convergence order are discussed. Calibration of the parameters and numerical examples are also suggested. Furthermore, the relationship between the value function, the free boundaries and different parameters is shown and analysed.     

混凝土建筑加固技术探析

随着我国对建筑工程施工要求的日益严苛，部分混凝土建筑物在施工过程中，由于设计图纸的变更或施工材料质量问题等原因，导致混凝土建筑物出现使用功能变化或质量安全等问题。本文主要对混凝土建筑物实施加固技术的施工方法进行了探析。     

Meticulously tailoring phase boundary in KNN-based ceramics to enhance piezoelectricity and temperature stability

Although KNN-based ceramics with high electrical properties are obtained through a variety of strategies, the temperature sensitivity is still one of the key technical bottlenecks hindering practical applications. Here, we use a new strategy, meticulously tailoring phase boundary, to refine the ferroelectric boundary of KNN-based ceramics, leading to high piezoelectricity companied with improving temperature stability. The highest d₃₃ value in this system reaches 501 pC/N with a T_C ∼ 240°C, whereas a large strain of ∼0.134% can be kept with 10% lower deterioration until 100°C. The origin of high piezoelectricity is mainly attributed to the well-preserved multiphase coexistence and the appearance of nanodomains, which greatly facilitate the polarization rotation. Instead of the changed intrinsic thermal insensitivity, the precision phase boundary engineering plays an important role in strengthening the temperature stability of electric-induced strain. This work provides a simple and effective method to obtain both high electrical properties and excellent thermal stability in KNN-based ceramics, which is expected to promote the practical applications in the future.     

On the thermal conductivity of bimodal SiC/A356 composites fabricated via powder metallurgy route

The present study investigates the thermal conductivity of bimodal SiC particulate distribution in aluminum matrix composites fabricated via powder metallurgy route. The effects of the SiC_p reinforcement size distribution and processing parameters such as sintering time and temperature on the thermal conductivity have been examined. The Box–Behnken experimental array was employed to identify the effects of selected variables on the thermal conductivity of the composite. A reasonable augmentation in the thermal conductivity was observed with an increase in sintering time and %volume fraction of fine SiC particulates. It has been demonstrated that the matrix doped with fine SiC particulates (37?µm) occupied interstitial positions and formed continuous SiC–matrix network resulting in minimizing the micropores that contributed for good thermal conductivity, that is, 235?W/mK. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to evaluate the microstructure architecture and interfacial phase formation.     

软黏土中上覆荷载对注浆抬升长期效果影响的模型试验研究

利用注浆模型试验装置进行了一系列室内注浆试验,研究在不同上覆荷载条件下,软黏土中注浆抬升长期效果的变化规律,以及注浆间隔时间、土体超固结比和软黏土中加固措施对注浆抬升长期效果的影响。结果表明:正常固结土的最终补偿注浆率随上覆荷载的增大而减小,注浆峰值压力随上覆荷载的增大而增大,且与上覆荷载呈线性关系;总注浆量相同时,采用重复注浆方式时,上覆荷载较小时最终补偿注浆率小于连续注浆时最终补偿注浆率,上覆荷载较大时则大于连续注浆时最终补偿注浆率;相同上覆荷载条件下,重复注浆间隔时间越长,最终补偿注浆率越小;对超固结土,注浆抬升效果较好,最终补偿注浆率随超固结比的增大而增大,当上覆荷载大于75 k Pa或者超固结比增大到2.0后,最终补偿注浆率几乎不随上覆荷载的变化而变化;对软黏土进行预先加固后再进行抬升注浆,可显著提高其最终补偿注浆率,注浆抬升效果明显。     

A numerical method for multipoint boundary value problems with application to a restricted three body problem

A type of parallel shooting method is proposed for the solution of nonlinear multipoint boundary value problems. It extends the usual quasilinearization method and a previous shooting method developed for such problems, and reduces to usual multiple shooting techniques for two point boundary value problems. The effectiveness of the method for stiff problems is illustrated by an application to the problem of finding periodic solutions of a restricted three body problem with given Jacobian constant and unknown period.     

Genesis of enhanced photoactivity of CdS/Nix nanocomposites for visible-light-driven splitting of water

A series of CdS/Ni_x nanocomposite photocatalysts, containing ca. 0.6–15 wt% Ni, were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method and characterized for their crystallographic, morphological, interfacial, and optical properties. Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data revealed the coexistence of wurtzite (hexagonal) and zinc blende (cubic) phases of CdS in ratios dependent on Ni content. Only a fraction of Ni existed as a secondary phase of NiS while the majority occupied the lattice positions of hexagonal CdS. Whereas up to 10-fold enhancement in H₂ evolution compared with pure CdS was observed for samples containing ∼1.5–4.5 wt% Ni, samples with smaller or larger Ni content displayed poor activity for visible-light-induced splitting of water in presence of sulfide–sulphite ions as sacrificial electron donors. In contrary to recent findings, our study reveals that the enhanced CdS photoactivity is not a result of charge transfer between p-type NiS and n-type CdS, Ni-induced visible-region absorbance, or the coating of CdS particles by non-photoactive NiS. Instead, the preparation-dependent hexagonal/cubic CdS phase boundaries and particle morphology may play a crucial role. Additionally, certain Ni-doping-induced sub-bandgap shallow energy levels contribute to charge carrier separation.