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71.
A batch reactor may be combined directly with a distillation column by distilling off the light component product in order to increase the reactor temperature or to improve the product yield of an equilibrium reaction. The same amount of the light product should be removed as the amount being formed by the reaction at any time. A linearized model has been developed which describes the process behaviour satisfactorily for control analysis purposes. The controllability of a combined batch reactor/batch distillation column is found to depend strongly on the operating conditions and on the time during the run. In general, controlling only the reactor temperature (one-point bottom control) is difficult since the set-point has to be specified below a maximum value in order to avoid break-through of an intermediate component in the ditillate. This maximum value may be difficult to know a priori. For the example considered in this study, control of both reactor temperature and distillate composition (two-point control) is also found to be difficult due to large interactions in the column. As with one-point bottom control, the reactor temperature has to be specified below a maximum value. However, energy can be saved since the heat duty can be decreased with time. Controlling the temperature on a tray in the column (one-point column control) is found to give good performance for the given process with no loss of reactant and a high reactor temperature, although no direct control of the reactor temperature is obtained. 相似文献
72.
73.
Stochastic extensions to Petri nets have gained widespread acceptance as a method for describing the dynamic behavior of discrete-event
systems. Both simulation and analytic methods have been proposed to solve such models. This paper describes a set of efficient
procedures for simulating models that are represented as stochastic activity networks (SANs, a variant of stochastic Petri
nets) and composed SAN-based reward models (SBRMs). Composed SBRMs are a hierarchical representation for SANs, in which individual
SAN models can be replicated and joined together with other models, in an iterative fashion. The procedures exploit the hierarchical
structure and symmetries introduced by the replicate operation in a composed SBRM to reduce the cost of future event list
management. The procedures have been implemented as part of a larger performance-dependability modeling package known asUltraSAN, and have been applied to real, large-scale applications.
This work was supported in part by the Digital Equipment Corporation Faculty Program: Incentives for Excellence. 相似文献
74.
75.
本文中所设计的电荷泵将用于手机液晶显示驱动模块中.通过对Fibonacci型电荷泵上升时间的估算,对减小上升时间和动态功耗进行折中考虑,本文提出优化开关频率的方法.用1.2μm CMOS双阱工艺参数对所设计的电荷泵进行模拟,结果表明这个电荷泵具有较快的上升速度和较高的效率.通过提高VGS电平和保证开关管的衬底始终接在最高电位上,文中提出了一种新型Fibonacci电荷泵,它可以正常工作在从1.2V到5V变化的多种电源电压下. 相似文献
76.
77.
Masami Ikeda Susumu Fukumoto Hiroshi Takao Shinya Ohtsuka Eiichi Haginomori Masayuki Hikita 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2002,141(4):16-24
This paper describes the dielectric breakdown characteristics of oil and oil‐impregnated paper for very fast transient (VFT) voltages. Blumlein circuits generate VFT voltages of 60 and 300 ns in a pulse width that simulates disconnecting switching surges in gas‐insulated switch gears. We measured the breakdown voltages of needle‐to‐plane, plane‐to‐plane oil gaps and several pieces of paper between plane electrodes for VFT and lightning impulse voltages. The measured data were formulated in V‐t characteristics and Weibull probability distributions. The inclination n of V‐t characteristics of insulating paper is 150, which is less than n = 13.7 of the plane‐to‐plane oil gap in the VFT time range. The shape parameters of Weibull distribution obtained in this study show that the scattering of breakdown voltages of paper is much less than that of oil. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 16–24, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10043 相似文献
78.
This paper presents a method to compensate voltage sags with minimum energy injection for a series‐connected voltage restorer using a micro‐SMES. A circuit for extracting the fundamental symmetrical components from sag voltages and a minimum energy injection algorithm is described. Simulations of voltage sag compensation have been carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC for various faults. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed method and show the possibility of reducing the size of energy storage devices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 70–80, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10047 相似文献
79.
BAMHL1 1 /3- 72 0 0 - 1× 3W是在总结以往充气集合式高电压并联电容器产品优点的基础上 ,为优化大容量产品结构 ,提高绝缘可靠性和设备技术经济性能而开发的项目。本文着重介绍该产品的内部结构、外壳筋板结构和混合气体绝缘等几点改进。 相似文献
80.
杨洪雪 《数字社区&智能家居》2006,(4):173-174
本文结合动态构图案例编程.主要分析了INI文件的结构特点,给出了设备仿真程序动态构图部分的编程方法,对于开发设备仿真类软件有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献