基于海口市区域经济发展的国土资源管理探讨

海南国际旅游岛建设被提升为国家战略给海南当地经济发展带来了新的机遇,同时给国土资源管理带来了挑战。介绍了海口市土地利用现状并分析了当前存在的主要问题,结合当地发展的趋势为国土资源管理提出了相应的建议。     

基于分形的港口城市用地形态和结构的时空演化特征——以连云港市为例

根据分形理论,借助ArcGIS研究连云港1980—2005年城市用地形态和结构的演化特征。研究表明,连云港城市土地形态及各职能用地存在明显分形特征,且符合城市用地分维包容原理。在区域经济发展、城市化进程和城市规划等共同作用下,整体城市用地形态维数在逐渐上升,说明城市分形发育程度还不高。城市用地在自组织优化过程中还存在公共绿地、工业用地发展的局部退化问题。     

不确定业务量矩阵下鲁棒路由算法研究*

在研究不确定业务量矩阵下的鲁棒路由时,为了能够保证网络的绝对性能(如最大链路使用率不大于某一门限值),提出算法TSSA按照ISPs给定的链路使用率门限值r把业务量矩阵的变化范围D划分成K部分,对其中的K-1部分可以分别求出一套满足最大链路使用率不大于r的最佳路由方案。仿真结果显示,与使用针对单个TM求出的最佳路由方案对D进行分割相比,TSSA可以把D分割成更少的子集合。     

提高日用细瓷产品质量的试验

针对我厂日用细瓷产吕白度下降、吸水率偏高．热稳定性能不良等质量问题，通过引入优质高岭土．调整坯料配方的研究，提高产品质量     

天然气化工技术现状与发展趋势

评述了天然气利用方案，天然气化工技术进展，中国天然气资源和应用前景，价格对天然气化工发展策略的影响，以及我国天然气化工面临的发展机遇。     

Spatial variability of Soil Nutrients and Influencing Factors in a Vegetable Production Area of Hebei Province in China

This study was conducted to determine soil nutrient spatial variability and the factors influencing it in a vegetable production area using traditional statistics and geo-statistics. The study area encompassed 55 ha and consisted of 182 farmer's plots belonging to six production groups in the Yutian county of China. Two hundred and seventeen soil samples were collected on a 50×50-m grid at depths of 0–20 cm prior to the plots being sown for cabbage. Vegetable production history, including varieties, rotation systems and fertilizer use, at the sampling sites was also examined. Soil pH, organic manure (OM), NO₃⁻–N, available P, K, Zn, and other nutrients and particle size were measured. The results showed that N, P, K and Zn were the main limiting nutrient factors in the soil. Distinct semi-variance structures of spatial variability were observed for soil NO₃⁻–N, available P, K and Zn, with the range of spatial correlation being 204–348 m. Significant spatial distribution similarity was found for soil NO₃⁻–N, P, K and Zn, with relatively high contents of all these nutrients in some areas of the study area and relatively low contents in other areas. The correlation of soil NO₃⁻–N, P and K content with vegetable production history and fertilizer application rates (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) suggested that vegetable variety and history of fertilizer use are important factors to be considered in the development of a soil nutrient management program in the study area.     

Crop residue,manure and fertilizer in dryland maize under reduced tillage in northern China: I grain yields and nutrient use efficiencies

The rapidly increasing population and associated quest for food and feed in China has led to increased soil cultivation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, and as a consequence to increased wind erosion and unbalanced crop nutrition. In the study presented here, we explored the long-term effects of various combinations of maize stover, cattle manure and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and nutrient and water use efficiencies under reduced tillage practices. In a companion paper, we present the effects on nutrient balances and soil fertility characteristics. The ongoing factorial field trial was conducted at Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in northern China from 1993 onwards. The incomplete, determinant-optimal design comprised 12 treatments, including a control treatment, in duplicate. Grain yields and N, P, and potassium (K) uptakes and N, P and K use efficiencies were greatly influenced by the amount of rain during the growing season (GSR), and by soil water at sowing (SWS). There were highly significant interactions between GSR and added stover and manure, expressed in complex annual variations in grain yield and N, P and K use efficiencies. Annual mean grain yields ranged from 3,000 kg ha⁻¹ to 10,000 kg ha⁻¹ and treatment mean yields from 4,500 kg ha⁻¹ to 7,000 kg ha⁻¹. Balanced combination of stover (3,000–6,000 kg), manure (1,500–6,000 kg) and N fertilizer (105 kg) gave the highest yield. Stover and manure were important for supplying K, but the effects differed greatly between years. Overall mean N recovery efficiency (NRE) ranged from 28% to 54%, depending on N source. NRE in wet years ranged from 50% to 90%. In conclusion, balanced combinations of stover, manure and NP fertilizer gave the highest yield and NRE. Reduced tillage with adding stover and manure in autumn prior to ploughing is effective in minimizing labor requirement and wind erosion. The potentials of split applications of N fertilizer, targeted to the need of the growing crop (response farming), should be explored to further increase the N use efficiency.     

梅溪流域城镇化进程对山前平原区洪涝过程的影响

为探究城镇化进程引起土地利用类型变化对山前平原区洪涝过程的影响,以梅溪流域下游平原区的洪濑镇为例,分析了2002—2018年梅溪流域上游山区和下游平原区的土地利用类型变化,并基于多情景数值模拟,研究了流域尺度内土地利用类型变化对山前平原区洪涝过程和地表淹没状况的影响。结果表明：随着梅溪流域耕地和林地面积减少、城镇建设用地增加,上游山区的径流系数和峰值流量均增大,下游山前平原区的淹没状况更加严重;上游山区的城镇建设用地增加使山区骤发洪水峰值流量增大、峰现时间提前,主要影响地表平均最大淹没水深和平均峰现时间;下游平原区的城镇建设用地增加使内涝发生的时间提前,主要影响地表平均淹没历时。     

基于U-Net的高分辨率遥感图像土地利用信息提取

随着现代遥感技术的迅速发展,遥感图像的质量和数量得到了显著的提升,新技术带来的高分辨率遥感图像所蕴含的信息也更加丰富,如何利用人工智能手段辅助挖掘这些丰富的信息也成为了遥感图像分析与理解的重要内容。与此同时,以深度卷积神经网络为代表的人工智能技术在图像处理领域大放异彩。得益于类人眼的分层卷积池化模型,深度卷积神经网络可以在图像分割和分类等任务上取得优异的结果。因此采用U-Net为代表的深度卷积神经网络对2 m的高分辨率遥感影像进行了特征提取、分割和分类,不同于传统基于手工设定图像特征的方法,U-Net可以自动对海量高分辨率的遥感图像进行特征提取,从而充分挖掘高分辨率遥感影像中复杂的非线性特征、光谱特征和纹理特征。实验结果表明：利用训练好的U-Net模型对新昌县土地利用分类计算时间为55.7 s,分类准确率可达90.95%,Kappa系数为0.86。U-Net模型可以快速、精确地提取高分辨率遥感影像中的地表覆盖特征,得到高精度的土地利用分类结果,说明将该模型应用于遥感影像土地利用分类提取有着广阔前景。     

Among-site variability in environmental and management characteristics: Effect on nutrient loss in agricultural tile drainage

Water quality issues, including harmful and nuisance algal blooms (HNABs), related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exported from agricultural lands persist in the Great Lakes region. Previous work examining N and P loss from agricultural fields in portions of the United States (US) and Canada (CA) that drain into Lake Erie, consistently indicate significant nutrient loss from fields in Indiana and Ohio, US compared with those in southwestern Ontario, CA. The primary objective of this study was to examine variation in environmental and management characteristics from 30 sites (US: n = 28, CA: n = 2) located within the Lake Erie Basin and subsequently determine the influence of among-site variation on edge-of-field N and P losses. Using principal component analyses (PCA), we found that among-site variation was predominantly controlled by broad-scale patterns in fertilizer management practices and soil properties; however, N and P loss metrics were largely unexplained by these gradients. As such, fine-scale variability and the interaction of environmental and management characteristics at individual sites more strongly influenced N and P loss. Ultimately, these results further emphasize the importance of site- and nutrient-specific management plans that are needed to mitigate N and P losses from agricultural fields.